何韵：这场司法博弈，不仅关乎美国关税战走向

Core Viewpoint - The recent developments in the U.S. tariff battle highlight a shift in legal grounds for imposing tariffs, reflecting intense domestic power struggles and posing significant challenges to global trade [1][2]. Group 1: Legal Framework and Court Rulings - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the imposition of tariffs under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) was illegal, emphasizing that tax and tariff authority must be explicitly granted by Congress [2][5]. - Following the Supreme Court's decision, the Trump administration has turned to other legal provisions, such as Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974, to continue imposing tariffs [3][4]. Group 2: Economic Implications - The total amount of tariffs collected under IEEPA since last year is approximately $175 billion, which raises questions about refunding these tariffs to consumers and the potential impact on federal deficits [3][4]. - The uncertainty in the financial markets has increased, with U.S. national debt surpassing $38 trillion and interest rates remaining around 4%, partly due to concerns over the stability of tariff revenues [4]. Group 3: Political and Governance Impact - The Supreme Court's ruling serves as a significant constraint on presidential power, testing the boundaries of authority within the U.S. political system and potentially undermining the traditional separation of powers [5][6]. - The ongoing tariff battle and the legal challenges surrounding it may lead to a more ideologically driven economic policy landscape in the future [2][5].