Four years into the Ukraine war, is Europe ready for its own army?

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the ongoing debate about the establishment of a common European army in response to security challenges posed by Russia and the need for better integration of European defense efforts [1][2][5]. Group 1: Current Defense Landscape - Europe has faced difficulties in uniting its defense efforts in light of Russia's invasion of Ukraine and tensions with the U.S. under President Trump [1]. - The idea of a common European army has been a topic of discussion since the post-Second World War era, with renewed interest in 2026 [1][4]. - A proposal for a standing military force of 100,000 troops has been suggested by the EU's Commissioner for defense and space, Andrius Kubilius, to enhance Europe's military capabilities [2]. Group 2: Opinions and Concerns - Spain's foreign minister emphasized the need for a unified defense industry, arguing that a joint effort would be more efficient than maintaining 27 separate national armies [2]. - Kaja Kallas, an EU leader, warned that creating a Europe-wide army could be "extremely dangerous" and questioned the practicality of such an initiative [2]. - Some leaders, like Finland's President Alexander Stubb, advocate for strengthening NATO's European pillar rather than pursuing an independent EU army [9]. Group 3: Public Sentiment and Polling - Recent surveys indicate a shift in public opinion towards supporting a common EU defense policy, with support rising from 76% in 2014 to 81% in 2025 [11]. - Polls show significant backing for a regional army, with 61% support in Lithuania, 59% in Germany, and 58% in Spain [12]. - Experts suggest that the current security concerns have made citizens more receptive to deeper European defense integration [15]. Group 4: Challenges and Recommendations - The lack of coordination among European militaries, which are primarily designed to work with the U.S., poses a challenge for effective defense collaboration [7]. - The European Commission has committed to enhancing the competitiveness of the defense industry and addressing inefficiencies through joint procurement initiatives, with a budget of €310 million (approximately $364.8 million) [8]. - Experts highlight the need for improved decision-making and command structures within European defense, as reliance on NATO structures continues [16].