每经热评｜关税政策被推翻又出新招 白宫“关税强国”的路走不通

Group 1 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) does not authorize the president to impose large-scale tariffs, declaring previous tariffs by the Trump administration illegal [1] - Following the ruling, the Trump administration announced new tariffs, initially planning a 10% tariff on all goods, which was later increased to 15%, based on the Trade Act of 1974 [1] - The ruling poses significant financial implications, with potential tariff refunds exceeding $175 billion, as over 1,000 companies have joined lawsuits against the government [1] Group 2 - The Supreme Court's decision undermines the Trump administration's strategy of using tariffs as leverage in trade negotiations, creating uncertainty about the validity of previous agreements [2] - The new 15% tariff will have varying impacts on different countries, with the UK facing a 2.1 percentage point increase in tariffs on goods exported to the U.S., while the EU will see an increase of 0.8 percentage points [2] - The ruling may shift the balance of power in future trade negotiations, reducing the effectiveness of unilateral pressure from the U.S. [2] Group 3 - The Trump administration's focus on tariffs to address trade deficits and revive the economy contradicts economic principles and has faced significant opposition from various states and businesses [3] - A survey indicated that by 2025, about one-third of price increases for U.S. businesses could be attributed to tariffs, with inflation potentially reaching the Federal Reserve's target of 2% without tariff impacts [3] - The new tariff measures, increasing by 5 percentage points, are likely to exacerbate inflationary pressures and provoke further public dissent [3] Group 4 - The hollowing out of the U.S. economy is attributed to internal structural issues rather than external competition, with tariffs failing to address the root causes of trade imbalances [4] - The U.S. has comparative advantages in technology, finance, and advanced services, but low personal savings rates and expansive fiscal policies contribute to trade deficits [4] - Tariffs are seen as a superficial solution that may worsen trade deficits rather than resolve underlying economic issues [4]