三大商品货币率先起飞，市场押注全球即将重回加息周期

Core Viewpoint - The Australian dollar, Norwegian krone, and New Zealand dollar have significantly outperformed other major currencies this year as traders bet on a shift from interest rate cuts to hikes in global monetary policy [1][3]. Group 1: Currency Performance - The Australian dollar has appreciated over 6% against the US dollar year-to-date, reaching its highest level in nearly three years [1]. - The New Zealand dollar has risen approximately 3.7% against the US dollar this year, with expectations of an upcoming interest rate hike [3]. - The Norwegian krone has gained over 5% due to unexpectedly high inflation, leading traders to speculate on a potential small rate hike in the first half of the year [3]. Group 2: Monetary Policy Shifts - The Reserve Bank of Australia raised its benchmark interest rate by 25 basis points to 3.85%, marking its first rate hike in over two years [1][3]. - Analysts believe this could signal the beginning of a sustained tightening cycle, with expectations of one to two more rate hikes this year, each by 25 basis points [3]. - The shift in monetary policy reflects a broader trend among major economies to end years of rate cuts and focus on controlling inflation [3]. Group 3: Economic Context - The economic structures of Australia, New Zealand, and Norway are heavily weighted towards commodities, often categorizing them as "commodity currencies" [3]. - Recent increases in oil, copper, and other export commodity prices have provided additional support for these currencies [3]. - Concerns over the U.S. government's fluctuating policies and rising debt levels have led investors to seek diversification away from dollar-denominated assets, benefiting these commodity currencies [4].