美国关税再起风波：全球贸易不确定性再度上升

Group 1: Tariff Policy Changes - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled on February 20 that the president does not have the authority to impose large-scale tariffs under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, leading to the termination of nine tariff orders previously signed by President Trump [2][4] - Following the ruling, Trump announced a new executive order imposing a 10% tariff on imports from all countries for 150 days, which will take effect immediately unless Congress approves an extension [3][4] - The new tariffs will apply to nearly all imported goods, with exemptions for certain critical minerals, energy products, specific agricultural products, and compliant goods under the USMCA [3][4] Group 2: Economic Impact and Legal Ramifications - Over 1,000 U.S. companies, including major firms like Costco and Reebok, have joined lawsuits seeking refunds for tariffs already paid, with potential refund amounts estimated at $175 billion [5][6] - The tariffs have significantly impacted medium-sized U.S. businesses, with monthly tariff expenditures tripling by August 2025 compared to April 2025, and tariffs accounting for approximately 15% of their international spending [6] - The U.S. Treasury Secretary indicated that the government's tariff revenue is expected to remain largely unchanged despite the new tariff measures [4] Group 3: International Reactions - The European Union and various countries, including Canada and Australia, have expressed concerns over the unpredictability of U.S. tariff policies and their impact on international trade agreements [7][8][9] - Brazil's President criticized the manner in which the U.S. announced tariff decisions, emphasizing the need for careful and rational decision-making in international relations [9] - China's Ministry of Commerce noted the ongoing evaluation of U.S. tariff measures and indicated a willingness to engage in negotiations to manage bilateral trade tensions [12][13]