破解海运锂电安全困局

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of quantitative risk management in the maritime industry, particularly concerning lithium-ion batteries, to identify and manage risks effectively throughout their lifecycle [1][6]. Risk Management - Maritime and port operations inherently carry risk due to complex factors such as fuel supply, cargo handling, equipment operation, and hazardous materials storage. The goal is not to eliminate risk but to identify an acceptable level of risk [1]. - A systematic approach to risk quantification allows managers to allocate resources more effectively and control key risk points [1]. Key Areas of Focus - The quantitative risk management should focus on critical areas related to lithium-ion batteries, including: - Ship propulsion systems using lithium-ion batteries as power sources [2]. - Operation of energy storage systems on board during charging and discharging [3]. - Transportation of lithium-ion battery products, including consumer electronics and electronic waste [4]. - Port operation equipment such as electric machinery and vehicles [5]. Risk Assessment - A rigorous and formal method for hazard identification is essential, allowing for pre-assessment of potential consequences and the development of necessary mitigation strategies [6]. - The MIL-STD-882E standard outlines a process for identifying risks associated with new lithium-ion battery technologies and assessing their potential outcomes [6]. Mitigation Measures - The strategies for controlling risks associated with lithium-ion batteries are evolving, with a focus on adopting industry best practices in the absence of stringent regulations [8]. - Key categories for risk mitigation include: 1. Ship propulsion energy storage systems [8]. 2. Products containing lithium-ion batteries [8]. 3. Transportation of electric vehicles [8]. 4. Electric industrial equipment [8]. Specific Risk Control Strategies - For ship propulsion energy storage systems, significant investment and specialized facilities are required to prevent catastrophic failures. The NFPA855 standard provides valuable safety concepts applicable to maritime environments [10]. - Effective fire suppression systems, such as AFFF foam or fine water mist, are crucial for controlling fire spread and toxic vapor release [11]. - Identifying products containing lithium-ion batteries and ensuring proper tracking throughout the logistics chain is essential for risk management [12][13]. Transportation of Electric Vehicles - Strict adherence to manufacturer guidelines for electric vehicle storage and battery management is necessary, with a call for unified standards to resolve discrepancies in recommendations [15][16]. - Emergency response strategies must be comprehensive, covering various scenarios from large-scale vehicle fires to small-scale incidents involving consumer products [18]. Safety Certification - The Safety and Security Certification (SSC) process is a proactive management tool for identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks in facilities, ensuring that safety hazards are controlled [19][20]. Conclusion - With the increasing application of lithium-ion battery technology and the acceleration of global electrification, the frequency of catastrophic failures is expected to rise. In the absence of comprehensive regulations, conducting systematic risk assessments and learning from historical incidents is the most pragmatic approach to managing safety risks in the maritime and port operations [23].