狂犬病可防不可治 这份预防指南请收好

Group 1 - Rabies remains the deadliest zoonotic disease globally, with a nearly 100% fatality rate, but it is preventable through proper post-exposure prophylaxis [1] - All mammals can potentially transmit rabies, but the risk varies; high-risk animals include dogs, cats, and bats, while low-risk animals include mice and pigs [2] - Individuals frequently in contact with animals, such as veterinarians and animal rescuers, are advised to receive pre-exposure immunization to build immunity [3] Group 2 - After being bitten by a high-risk animal, immediate medical attention is crucial; wounds should be cleaned thoroughly, and if severe, pressure should be applied to stop bleeding [4] - The rabies vaccine is most effective when administered as soon as possible, with two immunization schedules available: a 5-dose schedule and a "2-1-1" schedule [5] - If bitten after completing the vaccination series, the protocol varies based on the timing of the bite relative to the vaccination; additional doses may be required depending on the situation [6] Group 3 - In cases of minor bites where no visible wound is present, applying medical alcohol can help assess the injury; if pain is felt, it indicates a potential wound requiring medical evaluation [7] - Research indicates that rabies vaccination is safe for pregnant women and does not adversely affect the fetus; breastfeeding can continue post-vaccination [9]