国际观察｜削弱规则 、增加变数——多国专家批评美关税政策冲击全球贸易环境

Group 1 - The core issue of the current tariff dispute is not the tax rate itself, but the declining predictability of global trade rules, which is eroding market trust in regulations [2] - The uncertainty created by the Trump administration's tariff policies is expected to suppress corporate investment willingness and reduce job opportunities, as companies allocate resources to cope with policy changes instead of expanding production or increasing R&D [2] - The U.S. Supreme Court's ruling may lead to refund claims for tariffs, putting the government under dual pressure from administrative costs and potential legal disputes, which could evolve into systemic friction in fiscal, judicial, and commercial contract areas [2] Group 2 - The temporary nature of the current tariff measures under the Trade Act of 1974 has exacerbated market uncertainty, as the execution of tariff rates has been inconsistent [4] - The new tariff measures require congressional approval to be maintained long-term, leaving the future direction of these policies uncertain [4] - The ongoing uncertainty is pressuring multinational enterprises, making investment and supply chain decisions more challenging, highlighting the need for a reliable trade environment [5] Group 3 - The changes in U.S. tariff policies are prompting a profound adjustment in global supply chains and trade patterns, with the actual effectiveness of U.S. tariffs gradually diminishing [7] - Countries like the UK and Australia, which previously had lower tariffs, are now facing higher trade costs due to U.S. tariff policies, affecting their economic interests [7] - The uncertainty in U.S. trade policies is pushing countries to diversify their trade partnerships, reducing reliance on the U.S. and seeking to mitigate risks associated with policy changes [7]