我科学家设计出锂电池“新配方”

Core Insights - A research team from Nankai University and Shanghai Space Power Research Institute has developed a novel electrolyte using fluorine coordination instead of the traditional oxygen coordination, significantly enhancing lithium salt solubility and achieving a lithium metal battery with an energy density of 700 watt-hours per kilogram [1] - The new battery can still release nearly 400 watt-hours per kilogram in extreme cold environments at -50°C, providing innovative power solutions for electric vehicles and polar exploration [1] Group 1 - The traditional lithium battery electrolyte typically consists of lithium salts and carbonate solvents, where lithium interacts with oxygen in the solvent to promote lithium salt dissolution. However, this results in poor wettability and high electrolyte usage, limiting energy density improvements [1] - The strong interactions in traditional systems hinder charge transfer at low temperatures, making it difficult for batteries to operate below -50°C [1] Group 2 - The research team synthesized a series of novel fluorinated hydrocarbon solvent molecules, effectively replacing the traditional lithium-oxygen coordination method by adjusting the electronic density of fluorine atoms and the spatial steric hindrance of solvent molecules [2] - Compared to traditional lithium-oxygen coordination electrolytes, the fluorinated hydrocarbon solvents exhibit better wettability and higher utilization, significantly reducing the amount of electrolyte needed while maintaining rapid charge transfer kinetics at low temperatures [2]