Professional credentials and certifications are booming, but 'many of them are crap'

Core Insights - The prevalence of nondegree credentials is increasing in the U.S., with over 1.5 million unique options available for workers seeking to enhance their employability, particularly in the context of AI literacy [1] - The impact of these credentials on workers' salaries varies significantly, with some providing minimal or no financial benefit, creating confusion for job seekers [2] - The effectiveness of nondegree credentials is influenced by the type of program and its relevance to the worker's field, with industry-recognized certifications yielding stronger returns [4] Group 1 - Nondegree credentials are becoming more common on U.S. résumés, with a wide array of options available, especially following legislative changes that allow certain programs to qualify for federal aid [1] - The market for nondegree credentials lacks accountability, leading to a mix of valuable and ineffective programs [2] - Career-relevant certifications that require rigorous verification tend to offer better financial returns compared to less recognized credentials [5] Group 2 - Certifications that are recognized by the industry and require proctored exams are associated with higher wage benefits, while digital badges provide only modest, one-time wage increases [6] - College-educated and experienced workers are more likely to pursue these credentials, despite early-career workers and those without degrees experiencing greater wage gains from upskilling [7]