空地一体5G增强低空网络白皮书2024

Industry Overview - Low-altitude economy has become a significant representative of new productive forces, with the development of low-altitude economy being an inherent requirement and important focus for promoting high-quality economic and social development in China [2] - The 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) can provide faster data transmission speeds, lower latency, and broader device connectivity, meeting the complex communication needs of low-altitude networked terminals such as drones and flying cars [2] - The low-altitude economy is rapidly developing and becoming a new economic growth point, with the market size exceeding 500 billion yuan in 2023 and expected to reach 1.5 trillion yuan by 2025 [17] Policy and Standards - National policies have provided strong support for the development of the low-altitude economy, with key documents such as the "National Comprehensive Three-Dimensional Transportation Network Planning Outline" and the "General Aviation Equipment Innovation Application Implementation Plan (2024-2030)" [9][10] - Local governments, including Guangdong, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, and Sichuan, have introduced policies to promote the development of the low-altitude economy, focusing on infrastructure construction and low-altitude airspace management [10] - International standards organizations such as ITU, 3GPP, IEEE, and CCSA have made significant progress in standardizing low-altitude network technologies, with various standards and recommendations issued to support the application of drones and low-altitude networks [11][12][13][14][15][16] Technological Challenges and Requirements - The main technical challenges for low-altitude networks include achieving wide-area 3D coverage, integrating communication and sensing capabilities, managing interference between ground and low-altitude networks, and addressing mobility management in 3D space [37] - The network capability requirements for low-altitude networks include high-speed and ubiquitous access, efficient resource management, and intelligent optimization and management to support various low-altitude service scenarios [39][40] - The integration of communication and sensing (C&S) is crucial for real-time monitoring and ensuring flight safety, requiring high-precision and high-resolution sensing capabilities [41] Network Design and Innovation - The report proposes a reference model for air-ground integrated sensing coverage, including a cell radius reference model and a beam coverage reference model, to achieve seamless 3D coverage for low-altitude networks [44][45] - Five air-ground integrated communication networking schemes are proposed, including 3.5G single-carrier air-ground heterogeneous frequency, 3.5G dual-carrier air-ground heterogeneous frequency, and 2.1G dual-wing radiation schemes, to meet different deployment scenarios [52][53][54][55][60] - Base station planning and design should follow traditional ground network principles, with considerations for site selection, antenna height, and interference control to ensure optimal network performance [62][63][64][65][66][67][68] Applications and Future Outlook - The low-altitude economy has diverse application scenarios, including smart cities, public safety, emergency response, smart water management, and agricultural protection, with drones playing a key role in these areas [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] - The "Tianyi Star Patrol" low-altitude service supervision platform developed by China Telecom provides comprehensive capabilities for low-altitude flight management, including communication, navigation, airspace monitoring, and intelligent scheduling [73][74][75] - The future of air-ground integrated low-altitude networks lies in further enhancing services through C&S integration, AI, and 5G-Advanced technologies, supporting low-altitude safety, drone applications, and emergency communication, while fostering new business models and market opportunities [76][77]