日本专题研究系列六：日本产业的“革故鼎新”

Group 1: Industrial Structure Upgrades - Japan's industrial structure has undergone significant changes post-World War II, transitioning from agriculture to manufacturing and then to services[3] - The contribution of the primary industry to Japan's GDP dropped to around 5% by 1974, while the secondary industry rose to over 40%[9] - By the early 21st century, the primary industry's GDP share stabilized around 1%, with the tertiary sector's share steadily increasing, reflecting a shift towards high-value-added industries[13] Group 2: Economic Policies and Trade Relations - Japan's industrial policy has evolved through four phases, from government-led protectionism to market liberalization, adapting to both domestic needs and international pressures[20] - The U.S.-Japan trade conflicts from the 1950s to the 1990s significantly influenced Japan's industrial transformation, with trade disputes often aligning with Japan's shift towards technology-intensive industries[15] - The average growth rate of Japan's economy exceeded 12% during the 1960s and 1970s, marking a period of rapid industrialization and external trade liberalization[28]