通产省政策视角：日本如何推动企业出海？

Group 1: Macro Background: External Demand or Internal Demand? Japan's Choice and Response - Japan's economic growth has experienced two downward shifts since the 1960s, with significant impacts on external and internal demand [4][14][16] - The 1960s saw rapid economic growth driven by strong external and internal demand, while the 1970s marked the beginning of a decline due to trade friction and the oil crisis [4][14] - By the 1980s, the trend of overseas investment as a substitute for exports became more pronounced as internal demand was stimulated by government policies [4][14] Group 2: Top-Level Design: The Policy Context of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry - The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) shifted its focus towards energy transformation and overseas investment after the 1973 oil crisis [20][23] - The 1980s saw a significant increase in policies related to overseas investment, driven by trade friction and the appreciation of the yen, which enhanced the international competitiveness of Japanese industries [24][25] - Key industries for foreign direct investment (FDI) included electrical machinery and automotive sectors, which were bolstered by Japan's shift towards high-tech and high-value-added industries [24][25] Group 3: Support for Going Abroad: Specific Supporting Policies from Various Dimensions and Departments - The report outlines various policies implemented to support Japanese companies in their overseas investments, particularly in response to trade friction and the need for market expansion [27] - Specific measures included financial incentives, regulatory support, and the establishment of overseas production bases to mitigate the impact of export restrictions [27] - The focus on enhancing the global competitiveness of Japanese firms through strategic overseas investments has been a consistent theme in METI's policy framework [27]