2024年数字经济报告I概述：打造具有环境可持续性和包容性的数字未来

Environmental Impact of Digitalization - The ICT industry's carbon footprint in 2020 was estimated at 690 million to 1.6 billion tons of CO2 equivalent, accounting for 1.5%-3.2% of global greenhouse gas emissions[9] - Producing a 2kg computer requires mining up to 800kg of raw materials[9] - Data center electricity consumption is projected to double from 460 TWh in 2022 to 1,000 TWh by 2026[38] Resource Consumption and Waste - Global e-waste increased by 30% from 8.1 million tons in 2010 to 10.5 million tons in 2022[44] - Only 24% of global e-waste was formally collected in 2022, with developing countries collecting just 7.5%[47] - Developed countries generated 3.25kg of e-waste per capita, compared to less than 1kg in developing countries and 0.21kg in least developed countries[44] Digital Technology Growth - Internet users grew from 1 billion in 2005 to 5.4 billion in 2023[24] - Smartphone shipments doubled from 500 million in 2010 to 1.2 billion in 2023[24] - IoT devices are projected to increase from 16 billion in 2023 to 39 billion by 2029[9] Mineral Demand and Supply - Production of critical minerals like graphite, lithium, and cobalt is expected to increase by 500% by 2050 to meet digital and low-carbon technology demands[30] - The Democratic Republic of Congo produced 68% of global cobalt in 2022, while China accounted for 65% of natural graphite and 70% of rare earth elements production[32] Energy and Water Consumption - The 13 largest data center operators doubled their electricity consumption between 2018 and 2022[38] - Data centers in Ireland accounted for 18% of total electricity consumption in 2022, projected to reach 28% by 2031[40] - Training GPT-3 at Microsoft's US data centers consumed 700,000 liters of drinking water for cooling[41] E-commerce Growth and Impact - Business e-commerce sales in 43 countries increased from $17 trillion in 2016 to $27 trillion in 2022[49] - Global e-commerce platform sales rose from $2.6 trillion in 2019 to over $4 trillion in 2021[49] Policy and Governance - The global economy's circularity rate is only 7.2%, with a declining trend due to increased material extraction and use[53] - Developing countries face a dual challenge of limited digital benefits and significant environmental impacts from digitalization[55] - International cooperation is needed to establish a global governance framework for digital and environmental sustainability[59]