量子计算发展态势研究报告（2024年）

Global Quantum Computing Landscape - Quantum computing is entering a rapid development phase, with over 30 countries actively investing in quantum information technologies, including quantum computing [7] - The US has invested $39 39 billion in quantum information from 2019 to 2023, exceeding its initial $12 75 billion plan, with quantum computing receiving the highest share of $14 billion [8] - The EU has launched a new Quantum Flagship Program with short-term (2027) and mid-term (2030) goals to achieve leadership in quantum technology and industry [9] - China has integrated quantum computing into its national development strategy, with over 20 provinces including quantum computing in their local development plans [10] Technological Advancements and Challenges - Quantum computing research has seen a 4x increase in global publications over the past decade, with the US and China leading in both publication volume and patent applications [13][16] - Superconducting quantum computing remains the most prominent technology route, with 9380 patent applications and 3976 granted patents globally [18] - Quantum error correction research is advancing, with IBM achieving a 0 7% error threshold using 288 physical qubits to protect 12 logical qubits [30] - Multiple hardware routes (superconducting, ion trap, neutral atom, photonic, silicon-based) are competing, with no clear convergence in the near term [23][28] Industry Ecosystem and Investment Trends - Global quantum computing companies reached 329 by July 2024, with a significant slowdown in new company formation (only 1 new company in H1 2024) [19] - The US leads in quantum computing companies (93), followed by China (36), with superconducting technology being the most pursued route (25 companies) [20] - Quantum computing investments showed signs of recovery in H1 2024, with $1 2 billion raised, following a dip to $1 4 billion in 2023 from $2 billion in 2022 [21][22] - Venture capital remains the dominant funding source, accounting for over 60% of the 143 investment deals in 2023 [22] Application Exploration and Cloud Platforms - Quantum computing applications are being explored in finance, chemistry, biology, transportation, and AI, with potential market value estimated at $1 trillion by 2035 [40][41] - Quantum cloud platforms are emerging as a key service model, with IBM, IonQ, and Chinese companies like Origin Quantum offering access to various quantum processors [46][48] - China has launched several quantum cloud platforms, including Quafu (100+ qubits) and Tianyan (504 qubits), aiming to expand quantum computing applications [48][49] - Quantum-classical hybrid computing is gaining traction, with NVIDIA and Microsoft developing systems to integrate quantum and classical computing resources [56] Benchmarking and Standardization - Quantum computing benchmarking is evolving, with IBM introducing new metrics like EPLG and CLOPSh to better assess hardware performance [52] - The QED-C updated its application-oriented benchmarking suite in 2024, expanding evaluation criteria for quantum algorithms like HHL and VQE [53] - Standardization is becoming a focus area, with international efforts to establish evaluation systems and interoperability standards for quantum computing [54]