2024世界投资报告

Global Investment Trends - Global FDI flows declined by 2% in 2023, reaching $1.3 trillion, with a 10% drop excluding fluctuations in a few European conduit economies [16] - International project finance and cross-border M&A were particularly weak, with M&A values dropping by 46% in developed countries and project finance declining by 26% [16] - Greenfield investment announcements increased by 2%, with growth concentrated in manufacturing, especially in developing countries where project numbers rose by 15% [16] Regional FDI Performance - FDI inflows to developing countries fell by 7% to $867 billion, with a notable 8% decline in developing Asia, while Africa saw a 3% drop and Latin America and the Caribbean experienced a 1% decrease [23] - FDI to least developed countries increased to $31 billion, accounting for 2.4% of global FDI flows, with structural weaknesses and vulnerability to shocks remaining significant challenges [23] - In Africa, FDI inflows dropped by 3% to $53 billion, with international project finance transactions declining by a quarter, impacting infrastructure investment prospects [23] Sectoral Investment Trends - Investment in global value chain-intensive manufacturing and critical minerals surged, with project numbers and values nearly doubling in the latter sector [24] - Infrastructure and digital economy sectors saw reduced investment, while renewable energy, green hydrogen, and green ammonia attracted significant projects in Latin America and the Caribbean [23] - FDI related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) declined by over 10% in 2023, with agriculture, water, and sanitation sectors particularly affected [26] Investment Policy Trends - Investment facilitation measures accounted for nearly 40% of favorable measures in 2023, reaching a record high, with a focus on services and renewable energy sectors [29] - Developing countries implemented 86% of favorable measures, primarily aimed at promoting and facilitating investment, while developed countries adopted more restrictive measures, often related to national security concerns [28] - Four additional countries implemented FDI screening mechanisms in 2023, with over half of global FDI flows now subject to such screening [29] Sustainable Finance Trends - Sustainable investment products grew by 20% in 2023, surpassing $7 trillion, though growth was driven by cumulative issuances and rising valuations rather than new inflows [38] - Green bond issuances increased by 3% to $872 billion, while sustainable fund inflows dropped by 60% from $161 billion in 2022 to $63 billion in 2023 [38] - Concerns over greenwashing persist, with only 20% of "green funds" having climate-friendly asset exposure, highlighting the need for clearer standards and stronger sustainability disclosures [41] Digitalization and Investment Facilitation - Digital government tools, such as online single windows and information portals, have significantly increased, with developing countries seeing a rise from 82 to 124 portals between 2016 and 2024 [49] - Quality improvements in digital platforms have been linked to an 8% increase in FDI inflows for developing countries, demonstrating the positive impact of digitalization on investment environments [49] - Digitalization has also promoted formalization and inclusivity, with small business registrations increasing significantly in countries implementing digital single windows [49]