2024年全球氢能评论（英）295份

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the hydrogen industry Core Insights - Global hydrogen demand reached 97 million tons (Mt) in 2023, a 2.5% increase from 2022, with projections to approach 100 Mt in 2024. Demand is primarily driven by refining and the chemical sector, with low-emissions hydrogen still playing a marginal role, producing less than 1 Mt in 2023. However, announced projects could increase low-emissions hydrogen production to 49 Mt per annum (Mtpa) by 2030, a 30% increase from previous estimates [15][24][25] - The report highlights significant growth in electrolysis projects, with announced capacity nearing 520 gigawatts (GW). The number of projects reaching final investment decisions (FID) doubled to 3.4 Mtpa, indicating a fivefold increase in production by 2030 [15][19] - The report emphasizes the need for stronger government action to stimulate demand for low-emissions hydrogen, as current policies and targets are insufficient to meet production goals. The gap between production and demand targets calls for urgent action from both industry and governments [25][26][32] Summary by Sections Chapter 1: Introduction - The hydrogen sector is undergoing transformation due to climate change and energy security concerns, with low-emissions hydrogen recognized as a key solution for decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors [38][39] Chapter 2: Hydrogen Demand - Global hydrogen demand is concentrated in traditional applications, with China being the largest user, accounting for nearly one-third of global demand. The growth in demand is primarily driven by economic trends rather than effective policy implementation [49][50] - Low-emissions hydrogen demand grew nearly 10% in 2023 but still represents less than 1 Mt. Government actions are expected to boost demand to over 6 Mtpa by 2030, although this is only a fraction of the needs outlined in the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario [48][55] Chapter 3: Hydrogen Production - The report discusses the growth of hydrogen production from fossil fuels with carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), which has seen a significant increase in projects reaching FID, particularly in North America and Europe [16][20] Chapter 4: Trade and Infrastructure - The report notes that while there have been shipments of low-emissions hydrogen-based fuels, overall traded volumes remain small, and many projects are still in early development stages [40] Chapter 5: Investment, Finance, and Innovation - Investment in hydrogen technology is growing, driven by policy actions, but remains below necessary levels for a successful energy transition. The report highlights the need for targeted support to project developers to bridge the cost gap between low-emissions hydrogen and fossil-based hydrogen [41][33] Chapter 6: Policies - The report emphasizes the importance of clear regulations and certification for low-emissions hydrogen to facilitate long-term investments and market growth [27][34] Chapter 7: GHG Emissions of Hydrogen - The report reassesses the greenhouse gas emissions associated with hydrogen production, highlighting the need for better data on emissions from fossil fuel supply chains [42] Chapter 8: Latin America in Focus - Latin America is positioned to become a major producer of low-emissions hydrogen, with potential production exceeding 7 Mtpa by 2030, but significant investments in infrastructure and electricity generation capacity are required [28][31]