迈向可持续燃料的共同标准（英）2024

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the sustainable fuels industry Core Insights - Sustainable fuels are essential for clean energy transitions, complementing electrification and energy efficiency in hard-to-abate sectors. Under the IEA's Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario, demand for low-emission fuels must double by 2030 and again by 2050 [3][11][36] - None of the main sustainable fuel options are currently on track for a net zero pathway, indicating a significant gap in progress [12][36] - A common understanding of what constitutes a "sustainable" fuel is necessary for accelerated deployment, as existing definitions and certifications are inconsistent globally [4][13] Summary by Sections Introduction - The report supports Brazil's G20 Presidency and explores the feasibility of establishing common criteria for sustainable fuels to enable fair comparisons across regions and markets [5][40] - The need for emissions in the energy sector to reach net zero by 2050 was acknowledged at COP28, with interim goals set for 2030 [31] Carbon Accounting: Standards, Regulations, and Certification Systems - Various standards and certification systems exist to assess and validate low-emission fuels based on their GHG emissions intensity [42] - The report highlights the importance of a robust calculation of GHG intensity, which should include emissions from production, transport, and distribution [44][49] - There are currently 34 certification schemes for hydrogen and hydrogen derivatives, with over half requiring a GHG intensity of less than 33 gCO₂-eq/MJ [60][64] Policy Considerations - The report suggests that minimum requirements for emissions reduction can be established through a GHG intensity threshold, which should be ambitious yet flexible to encourage technological development [18][19] - A tiered GHG labeling system is proposed to define minimum requirements and reward better performance over time [22] - Common policies and international collaboration are essential to attract investment and facilitate the deployment of sustainable fuels [25][30]