2024年全球能源和气候模型（英）2024

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The IEA's Global Energy and Climate (GEC) Model is a comprehensive tool for analyzing energy markets, technology trends, and policy strategies to achieve climate goals [12][13] - The GEC Model covers 27 regions and all sectors of the energy system, providing detailed sector-by-sector and region-by-region long-term scenarios [13][14] - The report outlines three main scenarios: Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS), Announced Pledges Scenario (APS), and Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE Scenario), each with distinct assumptions and objectives [21][22][35] Section Summaries Section 1: Overview of Model and Scenarios - The GEC Model integrates the strengths of the World Energy Model (WEM) and Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP) to provide a detailed analysis of energy systems [11][12] - The model is designed to assess global and regional energy prospects, environmental impacts, policy effects, investment needs, energy access, and employment [16][18] Section 2: Cross-Cutting Inputs and Assumptions - The report discusses various assumptions including population growth, macroeconomic factors, energy prices, and policies that influence energy demand and supply [2][26] Section 3: End-Use Sectors - The GEC Model includes detailed analyses of energy consumption across different sectors such as industry, transport, and buildings, highlighting the importance of technology and efficiency improvements [3][4] Section 4: Electricity Generation and Heat Production - The report examines electricity generation, including the levelized cost of electricity and the role of renewables, storage, and transmission networks [4][5] Section 10: Investment - Investment requirements in fuel supply and the power sector are analyzed, emphasizing the need for substantial capital to meet projected energy demand [10][10][10] Section 11: Energy Access - The report defines modern energy access and provides an outlook on achieving universal access to electricity and clean cooking by 2030 [11][11] Section 12: Employment - The impact of the energy sector's evolution on employment is assessed, with estimates of current and future job opportunities [12][12] Section 13: Government Spending on Clean Energy - The report identifies key policies and assesses their impact on clean energy investment and affordability [13][13] Section 14: Household Energy Expenditures Analysis - An analysis of household energy expenditures relative to disposable income is included, providing insights into energy affordability [14][14]