2024年主力电源型风电场光伏电站关键技术与应用报告

Industry Overview - The share of new energy installations in China reached 38.4% by June 2024, and is expected to reach 49.1% by 2030, making it the dominant power source [2] - Wind and solar power currently cannot take on the responsibility of being the main power source due to issues with grid stability and peak regulation [2][3] Key Technologies - Main power-type wind farms and photovoltaic power stations are equipped with self-synchronous voltage source wind turbines, 10% capacity of 35KV high-voltage direct-hanging energy storage static synchronous machines, and a main power-type station control system [5][6][7] - The main power-type wind/solar farms are defined as having self-synchronous voltage source characteristics, black start capability, and island operation capability, enabling them to take on the responsibility of being the main power source [8] - Key technical indicators include transient current output capability of 3 times the rated current for at least 625ms, inertia response with a time constant of at least 8s, primary frequency regulation capability of ±10% of the rated power for at least 5 minutes, and black start capability [9] Frequency Mapping Self-Synchronous Voltage Source Control Technology - The frequency mapping self-synchronous voltage source control technology maps grid frequency changes to DC bus capacitor voltage changes, enabling self-synchronization of the converter output voltage with the grid voltage [14][17] - The "implicit" frequency mapping self-synchronous voltage source control method was proposed to address the difficulty of DC voltage stability control when the DC side capacitor is small [19][20] Application Cases - The world's first main power-type wind farm, the Gansu Ganhekou North-South Wind Farm, was put into operation in November 2023 and passed 530 tests including grid adaptability, inertia response, primary frequency regulation, and black start [44][45] - The world's first main power-type photovoltaic power station, the Xinjiang Nileke Photovoltaic Power Station, was put into operation in July 2024 with a capacity of 500MW and 1575 self-synchronous voltage source power generation units [46] Performance Comparison - Compared with synchronous generators, main power-type wind farms have superior grid support capabilities in terms of primary frequency regulation and below, with no delay in response time (≤20ms) and faster rise time (≤100ms) [72] - The main power-type wind farms have transient current support capability of 3 times the rated current for 625ms, and can respond to voltage dips of 0.2-0.9p.u. without delay, with a rise time of less than 20ms [56][60]