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WHO's Operational Update on Health Emergencies - October 2024
世界卫生组织·2024-11-15 01:10

Industry Overview - WHO is currently responding to 40 graded emergencies worldwide, including 11 Grade-3 emergencies, 7 protracted Grade-3 emergencies, 10 Grade-2 emergencies, 9 protracted Grade-2 emergencies, and 3 Grade-1 emergencies [1] - The mpox outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and other countries was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 14 August 2024 [2] - Nearly US48millionhasbeenreleasedbyWHO′sContingencyFundforEmergencies(CFE)in2024toprovidehumanitarianhealthassistancefor26emergencies[3]KeyFiguresandOperations−TheGlobalOutbreakAlertandResponseNetwork(GOARN)hassupported45deploymentsin2024,withthehighestnumberofdeploymentsinresponsetotheescalationofviolenceinIsraelandoccupiedPalestinianterritories(13)[4]−OpenWHOorghasreached9millionenrolmentsacross295onlinepublichealthcourses,with760000enrolmentsin2024[4]−StandbyPartnershavesupportedWHO′sresponseto12gradedemergenciesthroughthedeploymentof43newsurgepersonnelto19WHOofficesin2024[4]MpoxOutbreakResponse−From1January2022totheendofSeptember2024,123WHOMemberStatesreportedatotalof109699laboratory−confirmedmpoxcases,with13106casesreportedfrom23Africancountries[6]−TheMVA−BNvaccine,thefirstWHO−prequalifiedmpoxvaccine,hasanestimated76 48 million has been released by WHO's Contingency Fund for Emergencies (CFE) in 2024 to provide humanitarian health assistance for 26 emergencies [3] Key Figures and Operations - The Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN) has supported 45 deployments in 2024, with the highest number of deployments in response to the escalation of violence in Israel and occupied Palestinian territories (13) [4] - OpenWHO org has reached 9 million enrolments across 295 online public health courses, with 760 000 enrolments in 2024 [4] - Standby Partners have supported WHO's response to 12 graded emergencies through the deployment of 43 new surge personnel to 19 WHO offices in 2024 [4] Mpox Outbreak Response - From 1 January 2022 to the end of September 2024, 123 WHO Member States reported a total of 109 699 laboratory-confirmed mpox cases, with 13 106 cases reported from 23 African countries [6] - The MVA-BN vaccine, the first WHO-prequalified mpox vaccine, has an estimated 76% effectiveness with a single dose and 82% effectiveness with a two-dose schedule [7] - The Democratic Republic of the Congo received 265 000 doses of the MVA-BN vaccine, and Rwanda received 5 420 doses as part of bilateral donations [7] - Over 5 9 million doses of mpox vaccine have been pledged by 15 countries and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, with the first allocation of 899 000 doses made to nine countries on 28 October 2024 [9] Emergency Polio Vaccination in Gaza - An emergency polio vaccination campaign in Gaza vaccinated 559 161 children with a first dose of nOPV2, representing an estimated 95% of eligible children [14] - The second round of the campaign vaccinated 556 774 children under the age of 10 with a second dose of polio vaccine and 448 425 children between 2-10 years old received vitamin A [16] Sudan Healthcare Crisis - Since April 2023, there have been 108 verified attacks on healthcare facilities in Sudan, with over 75 involving health facilities and 45 impacting health personnel [17] - WHO estimates that 70-80% of health facilities in conflict-affected areas of Sudan are barely operational or closed, impacting millions of people [19] Emergency Medical Teams (EMT) - Senegal has become the first African country to receive WHO classification for its Emergency Medical Team (EMT), capable of deploying within 72 hours to provide medical and surgical care to up to 2 500 patients for a four-week period [21] Ukraine Healthcare Support - WHO has installed 18 modular primary healthcare clinics in Ukraine, with the latest clinic in Tsyrkuny serving around 12 000 patients per year [25] - Each modular clinic can be set up in 10 to 14 days and has a lifespan of more than 10 years, ensuring long-term healthcare access in conflict-affected areas [27] Global Outbreak Response Handbook - The Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN) published a National Outbreak Response Handbook in June 2024, aimed at strengthening national capacity for resilient health systems during public health events [28] Avian Influenza in Cambodia - Cambodia has reported 15 human cases of avian influenza in 2023, with five fatalities, prompting WHO and the Ministry of Health to launch a communication campaign during the Khmer New Year festival season [30] - The campaign reached 8 8 million people and garnered 1 2 million engagements, highlighting the need for tailored behavioural messages to address local attitudes [31] Climate-Resilient Healthcare Facilities - A consortium involving WHO Téchne and academic institutions in Southeast Asia has developed a Comprehensive Resilience Assessment System (CRAS) Tool to evaluate climate resilience and environmental sustainability of primary healthcare facilities [45] CBRN Clinical Training Standards - WHO is developing unified standards for training healthcare workers on radiological, nuclear, and chemical hazards, with a preliminary curriculum drafted during a workshop in August 2024 [46] WHO Global Logistics Hub - WHO's Global Logistics Hub delivered US 28 million worth of goods in 2024, including 86 metric tonnes of trauma and emergency surgery supplies to Lebanon within a 24-hour operational period [49] - The Hub is expected to complete over 40 charter flights in 2024, primarily in response to humanitarian crises in Gaza, Sudan, and Lebanon [49] OpenWHO Afghanistan Channel - WHO's Afghanistan channel on OpenWHO org has provided access to critical public health courses in Dari and Pashto, with strong use among younger demographics and health care professionals [52]