近零排放和低排放钢铁和水泥的定义以及基础排放测量方法（英）2024

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - A common global understanding of definitions for near-zero emissions and low-emissions materials is essential for the industrial transition to net zero, enabling policy mechanisms to stimulate demand and accelerate technology deployment [12][13] - Definitions for near-zero emissions are specifically reserved for technologies compatible with a net zero energy system, while low-emissions definitions recognize substantial progress towards this goal [14][34] - The report emphasizes the importance of clear communication and transparency in defining low-emissions materials, as the transition pathway will differ based on regional circumstances [18][56] Summary by Sections 1. Definitions: A Critical Enabler of Industrial Decarbonisation - A common understanding of near-zero and low-emissions materials is crucial for facilitating markets and enabling mechanisms for industrial decarbonisation [23] - Definitions provide a foundation for targeted policies, including green public procurement and certification schemes [23][24] 2. Principles for Definitions - Near-zero emissions definitions should be ambitious, stable, technology neutral, globally consistent, physical, transparent, and accessible [16][41] - Low-emissions definitions should also be ambitious but allow for progressive improvement over time, maintaining technology neutrality and global coherence [52][60] 3. Emerging Common Ground on Near-Zero Emissions Definitions - Near-zero emissions thresholds for steel range from 400 kg CO2-eq per tonne for 100% iron to 50 kg CO2-eq for 100% scrap [63] - For cement, thresholds range from 125 kg CO2-eq per tonne for 100% clinker to 40 kg CO2-eq for no clinker [64] 4. Emerging Approaches to Low-Emissions Definitions - Various approaches to low-emissions definitions have emerged, emphasizing the need for clear communication and transparency [18][56] - Low-emissions definitions should incentivize substantial emissions reductions while allowing flexibility based on regional circumstances [52][56] 5. Principles for Interoperability and Net Zero Compatibility of Underlying Methodologies - Existing emissions measurement methodologies should be adapted to facilitate the net zero transition, ensuring coherence and interoperability [20][21] - Stakeholder engagement in standards bodies is crucial for accelerating revisions of emissions measurement methodologies [21] 6. Outstanding Questions and Potential Next Steps on Underlying Measurement Methodologies - The report highlights key outstanding questions on accounting rules and next steps to operationalize interoperability and net zero compatibility [29][30]