促进可再生氢和衍生商品的全球贸易（英）2024

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - Renewable hydrogen and its derivatives, such as ammonia, methanol, and e-kerosene, are projected to play crucial roles in the energy transition, particularly in hard-to-abate sectors, accounting for approximately 14% of final energy consumption by 2050 [15][22][24]. - The development of international markets for renewable hydrogen and its derivatives is essential for enhancing competitiveness and reducing costs by facilitating production in regions with abundant renewable resources [16][18]. - Significant infrastructure investments, including pipelines and shipping facilities, are necessary to support the transport of these commodities from producers to consumers [17][68]. Summary by Sections Executive Summary - Renewable hydrogen and its derivatives are expected to be vital in decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors, with their use projected to account for around 14% of final energy consumption by 2050 [15][22]. - Cost variations in renewable hydrogen production will depend on geographic conditions, creating opportunities for both exporting and importing countries [16]. Introduction - The report emphasizes the importance of renewable hydrogen in sectors that cannot be easily electrified, such as chemical manufacturing and heavy-duty transport [22][23]. - Current hydrogen production is primarily fossil-fuel-based, contributing significantly to emissions, necessitating a transition to renewable sources [23]. Market Overviews - Global hydrogen production is around 95 million tonnes per year, with a significant portion derived from fossil fuels, leading to approximately 1.3 gigatonnes of CO2 emissions annually [36]. - The ammonia market is projected to reach 688 million tonnes by 2050, driven by renewable ammonia applications in agriculture and maritime fuels [46]. - Methanol production is currently dominated by fossil fuels, with global imports valued at USD 12.1 billion in 2023, while renewable methanol production remains in its infancy [58]. - Kerosene trade is substantial, with global imports exceeding USD 500 billion in 2023, highlighting its importance as a jet fuel [66]. Enablers - The report categorizes enablers into physical, institutional, and social measures necessary for scaling up international markets for renewable hydrogen and its derivatives [30]. - Physical enablers include the deployment of infrastructure for production, storage, and distribution of renewable hydrogen and its derivatives [31][68]. - Institutional enablers focus on policy measures such as tariffs, taxation, and carbon pricing to support market development [32]. - Social enablers emphasize community engagement and job creation associated with the development of these markets [33].