中国经济的逻辑与出路

Economic Development Sources - The sources of economic development in China are threefold: the expansion of residents' desire for a better life, the expansion of production capacity, and the expansion of "effective demand" [2] - The primary obstacle to economic development is insufficient effective demand, not a lack of production capacity [2] - Effective demand is defined as the combination of purchasing power and spending desire, which is currently misaligned in China due to income distribution issues [2] Income Distribution Issues - The mismatch in income distribution leads to a situation where those with purchasing power lack the desire to spend, while those with spending desire lack purchasing power [2] - The low proportion of residents' income in total economic income results in insufficient consumption [2] - A significant solution to address demand insufficiency is to optimize the domestic income distribution structure, increasing the proportion of residents' income in the economy [2] Investment and Consumption Dynamics - In the short term, increasing state capital transfers to social security funds can boost residents' income and consumption [2] - The long-term strategy includes a "national enterprise shareholding plan" to enhance residents' income [2] - Investment can create demand, but if investment returns are low, it suppresses corporate investment willingness, exacerbating the issue of insufficient domestic demand [2] Demand Insufficiency Concepts - Demand insufficiency can be categorized into three concepts: total demand insufficiency, internal demand insufficiency, and consumption insufficiency [21] - Total demand insufficiency refers to the overall effective demand being lower than domestic supply capacity, while internal demand insufficiency specifically addresses domestic consumption and investment [21] - Consumption insufficiency indicates that consumption as a proportion of the economy is below an optimal level, which is crucial for evaluating economic health [21]