2025年第2期（总第677期）：2024年能源效率报告

Investment Rating - The report emphasizes the need for increased policy implementation to accelerate energy efficiency improvements globally, indicating a cautious but optimistic outlook for investment in energy efficiency sectors [2][4]. Core Insights - The global energy efficiency progress remains slow, with energy demand expected to grow by 2% in 2024, and energy intensity improvement projected to remain at around 1% [4][7]. - High-efficiency electrification is highlighted as a key development, with an expected increase of nearly 2% in electrification levels in 2024 [7]. - The report calls for stronger policy measures to enhance energy efficiency, particularly in emerging markets and developing economies [2][13]. Global Trends - Energy intensity improvement is slowing in developed economies, while emerging economies like China and India are seeing faster progress, with China's energy intensity improvement expected to return to around 1.5% in 2024 [7][45]. - The report notes that energy prices for consumers are slowly declining but remain above pre-crisis levels, impacting household and business energy costs [8][12]. - International commitments made at COP28 aim to double global energy efficiency by 2030, recognizing its critical role in the clean energy transition [13]. Industry Analysis Buildings - In 2023, building energy demand exceeded 120 exajoules, accounting for 28% of global final energy consumption, with energy intensity improving by 2.6% [17][18]. - Nearly half of new buildings do not meet energy efficiency standards, highlighting the need for stricter regulations and implementation plans [19]. Appliances - Appliance energy consumption is increasing, but rapid turnover rates allow for quicker efficiency improvements [20]. - Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) are becoming more common, with many countries implementing them to phase out inefficient products [20][22]. Industry - Industrial energy consumption exceeded 170 exajoules in 2023, with a 2% increase in energy demand but less than 1% growth in emissions [23][25]. - Low-intensity industries have significant opportunities for efficiency improvements, particularly through electrification [25][26]. Transportation - Transportation energy consumption in 2023 was approximately 122 exajoules, slightly above pre-pandemic levels [27][30]. - Policies to improve heavy vehicle efficiency and promote electric vehicles are being implemented in multiple countries [30]. System-wide Themes Electrification - Electrification is rapidly advancing across sectors, significantly improving energy efficiency [31][34]. - High-efficiency electrification can reduce energy consumption by over two-thirds compared to traditional systems [34]. Flexibility - Increased flexibility in power systems is essential to accommodate more renewable energy and improve affordability [35][36]. - Policies supporting demand response and energy storage are becoming more prevalent [36]. Funding - Investment in energy efficiency, including electrification, is expected to grow nearly 4% in 2024, maintaining historical high levels [38][40]. - Emerging markets are projected to see significant increases in efficiency-related investments, particularly in Africa and the Middle East [40]. Employment - Energy efficiency employment is nearing 10 million, driven primarily by the manufacturing and installation of heat pumps [42][43]. - There is a notable shortage of skilled workers in key energy efficiency roles, indicating potential for workforce development [43]. Regional Insights China - China's energy intensity improvement is expected to be around 1.5% in 2024, with significant investments planned in energy efficiency [45][46]. India - India is set to see significant energy efficiency improvements, with investments in the sector expected to grow to nearly $20 billion in 2024 [47][48]. Southeast Asia - Southeast Asia's energy efficiency progress is expected to slightly improve, but challenges remain in shifting investment focus from fossil fuels to efficiency [49][50]. Africa - Africa has seen an average annual energy intensity improvement of about 1.6% from 2022 to 2024, with ongoing efforts to enhance policy frameworks for efficiency [51][52]. Latin America - Latin America is experiencing signs of slowing energy efficiency improvements, with investments in the sector expected to reach a record $185 billion in 2024 [53][54].