摩根士丹利：美丽大法案-前期集中赤字，但财政刺激有限

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The "One Big Beautiful Bill" is projected to add $2.84 trillion in deficits through 2034, with two-thirds of this total ($1.89 trillion) occurring by 2029. Tax cuts are front-loaded and expire in 2028, while spending cuts, primarily affecting Medicaid, do not begin until 2027. The fiscal impulse is modest, estimated at about 0.2 percentage points in 2026, and is expected to become a drag thereafter [5][19][24]. Summary by Sections Legislative Overview - The House approved the reconciliation legislation for the Fiscal Year 2025 Concurrent Budget Resolution, known as the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" (OBBA), with a narrow margin of 215-214 [6]. Fiscal Impact - The bill is expected to result in a modest fiscal impulse of approximately 0.2 percentage points in 2026, with a significant drag on growth anticipated thereafter. The overall fiscal stance is viewed as regressive, with tax cuts benefiting upper-income households while spending cuts impact low-income households [5][8][48]. Major Provisions - The legislation includes provisions that extend and expand the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), maintain current individual income tax rates, and restore bonus depreciation deductions for qualified investments. New tax cuts include no taxes on tips and overtime, and an enhanced state and local tax deduction (SALT) cap increased to $40,000 [10][11][12][13]. Spending Cuts - Major spending reductions proposed include cuts to Medicaid, which will impose work requirements and reduce federal assistance. The bill also reduces spending on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and modifies student loan provisions, leading to an estimated $250-$300 billion reduction in SNAP outlays and $350 billion in student loan savings over ten years [17][18][19]. Deficit Projections - The report estimates that the OBBA could lead to a total deficit increase of approximately $2.84 trillion over ten years, with significant deficit reduction measures included. However, the net increase in the deficit could approach $4 trillion if tax cuts are extended beyond their planned expiration [18][19][27]. Tariff Revenues - The report notes that tariff revenues are not included in the scoring of the bill, but estimates suggest that they could be substantial, potentially offsetting a significant portion of the deficit increase. The effective tariff rate is projected to rise, contributing to revenue generation [33][35][40]. Economic Growth Implications - The initial fiscal impulse from the bill is expected to boost GDP in 2026, but this will likely be offset by later fiscal contractions, resulting in an average drag on real GDP of about -0.4% over ten years [64][65]. The report emphasizes that the fiscal multipliers associated with the bill's provisions are generally unfavorable, particularly for expansionary measures [62][64].