野村：日本、美国和欧洲长期利率上升的原因；中国的资产负债表衰退

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - Long-term interest rates have risen or remained elevated in many countries, with China being a notable exception where rates have fallen to a historic low of 1.6% [3][38] - The rise in long-term rates in Japan, the US, and Europe is attributed to a combination of factors, including the shift from quantitative easing (QE) to quantitative tightening (QT) and persistent private-sector financial surpluses [13][17] - The report highlights that the current economic conditions in China resemble Japan's post-bubble period, indicating a balance sheet recession where the private sector is focused on deleveraging rather than borrowing [43][76] Summary by Sections Long-term Interest Rates - Long-term interest rates in Japan and the US have reached their highest levels in over a decade, while China's rates have declined significantly [2][3] - The increase in long-term rates is seen as an inevitable consequence of the transition from QE to QT, which has led to a tightening of monetary policy [16][15] Balance Sheet Recession - The report discusses the concept of a balance sheet recession, where the private sector focuses on saving and debt repayment, leading to a lack of borrowing and spending [10][44] - In Japan, the balance sheet recession began after the asset bubble burst in 1990, while in the US and Europe, it started in 2008 [4][49] Private Sector Financial Surplus - The private sector in Japan, the US, and Europe continues to run financial surpluses, which have remained stable even after 2022 [17][24] - The latest data shows the US private-sector financial surplus at 7.31% of GDP, while the eurozone's surplus stands at 6.35% of GDP [23][24] China's Economic Situation - China's current long-term interest rates signal a need for additional fiscal stimulus, as the economy is in a balance sheet recession similar to Japan's in the 1990s [45][43] - The report suggests that the Chinese government should focus on public works projects to effectively utilize excess savings and stimulate the economy [46][59] Structural Reforms vs. Fiscal Stimulus - The report emphasizes that structural reforms alone are insufficient to address the current economic slump in China, which is primarily driven by balance sheet issues [78][79] - It argues for a shift towards fiscal stimulus measures, as seen in the US's response to the 2008 financial crisis, to effectively combat the recession [87][88]