2025年全球及中国脑机接口电极行业跟踪：柔性微电极植入，脑机接口行业将面临怎样突破？

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly state an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The flexible electrode technology is categorized into intracranial and extracranial electrodes, each serving different roles in brain-computer interface applications, with unique advantages and applicable scenarios [5][6] - The flexible electrode operates on a multi-layer composite structure that efficiently collects and transmits biological electrical signals, ensuring mechanical flexibility and biocompatibility [11] - The report highlights the current trends in implantable flexible microelectrodes, focusing on high density, ultra-flexibility, and reliability to enhance compatibility with brain tissue and improve signal acquisition [19][20][22] Summary by Sections Flexible Electrode Classification - Intracranial electrodes include invasive and semi-invasive types, while extracranial electrodes consist of dry, semi-dry, and wet electrodes, each with distinct advantages for various applications [5][6] Working Principle and Applications - The flexible electrode's design includes a flexible polymer substrate, a metal conductive layer, and an insulating layer, which together optimize charge transfer efficiency and stability in biological environments [11] - Key applications include long-term physiological signal monitoring, dynamic environment signal collection, and compatibility with medical imaging [12][15] Development Trends of Implantable Flexible Microelectrodes - The report outlines advancements in high-density electrodes, with commercial electrodes currently having up to 128 channels, while newer designs can achieve up to 65,536 channels [16] - The focus is on overcoming mechanical mismatch issues between traditional rigid electrodes and brain tissue, which can lead to chronic inflammation and signal degradation [19][25] Challenges in Clinical Applications - The report identifies significant challenges in the clinical translation of flexible electrodes, including manufacturing processes, material limitations, and the need for improved reliability and biocompatibility [25][26] Breakthroughs in Ultra-Flexible Microelectrodes - Recent developments include ultra-thin flexible electrodes that enhance mechanical compatibility with brain tissue, reducing the risk of micro-motion damage and chronic inflammation [32][33]