公链“内卷式”进化史：越高效，越廉价！

Blockchain Overview - Blockchain technology has evolved from a single peer-to-peer electronic cash system to a diversified public chain ecosystem since Bitcoin's inception in 2009[4] - Major public chains differ in consensus mechanisms, transaction processing speed (TPS), scalability solutions, security priorities, decentralization levels, and interoperability, influencing their unique positioning in various applications[4][5] Key Public Chains - Bitcoin, using Proof of Work (PoW), has a TPS of 7 and a DeFi Total Value Locked (TVL) of $6.9 billion, focusing on value storage but lacking smart contract capabilities[3][4] - Ethereum transitioned to Proof of Stake (PoS) in 2022, achieving a TPS of 14-30 on the main chain and a TVL of $83.6 billion, but faces high gas fee volatility[3][4] - Solana combines PoS and Proof of History (PoH) for a theoretical TPS of 65,000, with actual performance around 2,000-4,000 TPS and a TVL of $9.8 billion[3][4] - Cardano employs a DPoS mechanism with a TPS of over 250 and a TVL of less than $0.1 billion, emphasizing sustainability but experiencing slow development[3][4] - Polkadot's NPoS mechanism supports approximately 1,500 TPS, focusing on interoperability with no reported TVL[3][4] - Avalanche, using PoS, achieves over 4,500 TPS and has a TVL of $1.9 billion, known for its flexible subnet design[3][4] - Cosmos aims for blockchain interoperability with a theoretical TPS exceeding 10,000, but has no reported TVL[3][4] - BNB Chain, with a TPS of 100+, has a TVL of $69.5 billion, but faces centralization risks[3][4] Future Outlook - The blockchain development space is vast, with a trend towards multi-chain coexistence expected to reshape finance, technology, and society[16] - Ethereum is likely to maintain its dominance in the short term, but innovations from other platforms pose significant challenges, with interoperability and sustainability becoming focal points in competition[16]