探索家用生成式人工智能的采用和用途：来自意大利的新证据

Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the content Core Viewpoints of the Report - The report presents the research results of a dedicated module on generative AI in the 2024 Italian Survey of Consumer Expectations (ISCE). As of April 2024, 75.6% of the Italian population aged 18 - 75 were aware of gen AI, 36.7% had used it in the past 12 months, and 20.1% reported monthly use. Socio - economic factors significantly influence adoption rates, with men, those with a university degree, and young people (especially students) having higher usage rates. Gen AI is expected to be used more frequently in education and leisure activities in the coming months, and the income return rate associated with gen AI use is about 2% [9]. Summary According to Relevant Catalogs 1. Product Introduction - Modern generative AI is expected to have a profound socio - economic impact on society. Since the end of 2022, tools like ChatGPT and Google Gemini have influenced daily activities. The adoption of generative AI tools can change employment in the labor market, and its adoption rate is faster compared to early breakthrough technologies. The report explores who uses generative AI, how much they use it, the purposes of use, and the potential returns [13]. 2. Survey - The data comes from the Italian Survey of Consumer Expectations (ISCE), a representative survey of the Italian population aged 18 - 75. It is benchmarked with national employment and income estimates. The 3rd wave in April 2024 included a special part on AI - related topics, such as knowledge, use, and potential use in different fields. The survey questions were presented in a random order to ensure unbiased responses [14][26][29]. - The sample includes 5005 respondents. 75.6% of respondents were aware of AI, and 35.7% reported using it. Leisure and education/training are the areas with the highest expected future use [30]. 3. Factors Affecting AI Awareness and Use - Gender: Men are about 8 percentage points more likely to be aware of AI than women, and about 7 percentage points more likely to use it in the past year. This gender gap exists even after considering other factors [17]. - Education: Higher education levels are associated with higher AI awareness and use. Respondents with a high - school diploma or university degree are about 10 and 16 percentage points more likely to be aware of generative AI respectively, and having a university degree significantly increases the likelihood of use [38]. - Age: Young people (especially those aged 18 - 34) are more likely to be aware of and use AI. There is a significant "digital divide" between young and old people [18]. - Occupation: Students have higher AI awareness and use levels, while teachers have lower awareness but relatively high adoption and use rates once aware [40]. - Income: Higher income is positively correlated with AI awareness and use, but the effect is moderate [41]. - City size: Living in larger cities has little and statistically insignificant impact on AI awareness and use [20]. - Social factors: Social activities are significantly positively correlated with AI awareness and use, while trust mainly affects awareness and has little impact on use [42]. 4. Returns on AI - Using a Mincer - type income function, the use of generative AI tools is associated with a 1.8 - 2.2% increase in income, which is equivalent to the return on an additional half - year of education investment and about 10% of the return on computer use in the early 1990s [50]. - Micro - level evidence shows significant productivity improvements after AI adoption, but at the macro - economic level, the contribution to total factor productivity growth is relatively modest [52]. - AI use may exacerbate the gender income gap. Men have larger and more precisely estimated returns from using generative AI, and people in high - exposure industries and occupations also have relatively higher returns [53][54]. 5. Conclusion - There are significant differences in AI awareness and use among genders, ages, and education levels. Targeted measures are needed to bridge the digital divide [57]. - The economic benefits of AI application are obvious, but its adoption may widen the gender gap in the labor market. Policy - makers should invest in digital literacy projects, include AI training in education courses, and develop labor training programs to ensure the wide distribution of AI benefits [58][60].