大公国际：“十五五”时期债券市场支持金融“五篇大文章”的路径探析

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant information provided Group 2: Core Viewpoints of the Report - The "15th Five-Year Plan" proposes to develop science and technology finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, and digital finance, and the bond market will play a key foundational role in promoting the implementation of these "five major articles" [1][2] - The bond market has achieved significant progress in the areas guided by the "five major articles," but there are still problems such as insufficient funds, structural imbalance, and imperfect mechanisms in some areas [3][16] - Through mechanism, product, and technology innovation, the bond market has broken through inherent bottlenecks and provided precise impetus for the real economy [17] - During the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, the bond market will play a more systematic and strategic role in serving the "five major articles" [26] Group 3: Summary by Relevant Catalogs I. Significant Progress in the Bond Field under the Guidance of the "Five Major Articles" (A) Science and Technology Innovation Bonds - Since 2024, the total issuance of science and technology innovation bonds in the market has reached approximately 2.72 trillion yuan, with 2,567 bonds issued [7] - Features include longer financing terms, a high proportion of high-credit ratings, cost advantages in issuance interest rates, and a high proportion of central and state-owned enterprises among financing entities [7][8] (B) Green Finance - As of the end of 2024, the cumulative issuance of green bonds in China reached 4.1 trillion yuan, and in 2025, the issuance of labeled and non-labeled green bonds totaled 936.765 billion yuan [9] - The average issuance interest rate of green bonds has steadily declined, and the main issuers are commercial banks and traditional green industries such as public utilities and transportation [12][13] (C) Inclusive, Pension, and Digital Finance Bonds - The bond market has enhanced financial support for the grass-roots economy and key regions through diversified bond varieties, with a cumulative issuance scale of nearly 2.47 trillion yuan, and the "Three Rural Issues" special financial bonds have reached 1.21 trillion yuan [14] - The bond market is relatively weak in pension and digital finance, facing problems such as single bond varieties and difficulties in bond financing for digital enterprises [16] II. Three Major Innovation Points for the Bond Market to Support Key Areas (A) Mechanism Innovation - In the green finance field, the trading association optimized the green bond rules, allowing the replacement of self-owned funds in advance and implementing hierarchical and classified information disclosure management [18] - In the inclusive finance field, counter bond repurchase business and other measures have enhanced the liquidity of small and medium-sized institutions [20] - In the science and technology finance field, the establishment of the bond market's "science and technology board" has solved the problem of patient capital sources and built a comprehensive support system [20] (B) Product Innovation - Science and technology innovation bills have expanded the use of raised funds to equity investment and fund contributions, effectively introducing long-term and low-cost funds into early-stage scientific research [21] - In the green finance field, the issuance of carbon-linked and carbon asset - pledged debt financing instruments has been encouraged, exploring the integration of green finance and the carbon market [21] - In the inclusive and pension finance fields, there have been product innovations such as small and medium - sized enterprise support bonds and pension - specific financial bonds [22] (C) Technology Innovation - The application of digital RMB in bond issuance has improved settlement efficiency, ensured the special use of funds, and enhanced transaction traceability and regulatory penetration [24] - The application of artificial intelligence technology in bond investment research and risk control has been continuously deepened, showing significant value [24] III. New Trends for the Bond Market to Empower the "Five Major Articles" during the "15th Five-Year Plan" Period - Science and technology finance will be the key direction for the bond market to support the layout of new productive forces, providing stable capital guarantee for key core technology research [26] - Green finance will assume a more core function of green capital supply, guiding social funds to flow to key green fields [27] - In the inclusive finance field, the role will shift from making up for shortcomings to deeply integrating into the industrial chain and supply chain system, providing long - term and low - cost funds for small and medium - sized enterprises [27] - Pension finance will become an important growth area for expanding long - term funds and securitizable assets, with the potential for the expansion of special pension bonds [28] - Digital finance will lead the systematic digital upgrade of infrastructure and factor allocation, promoting the formation of a new ecosystem covering "frontier technology - digital industry - bond financing" [28]