宏观经济深度研究：中等发达国家的丰富内涵与政策指向

Economic Classification - High-income countries do not necessarily equate to developed countries, as income alone is not a sufficient measure of development[2] - The IMF's classification of countries emphasizes economic structure, institutional maturity, social inclusiveness, and innovation as core indicators of development[2][3] Development Goals - China's "14th Five-Year Plan" aims for per capita GDP to reach approximately $20,000 by 2035, requiring an average annual growth rate of about 4.2% over the next decade[2] - Achieving "moderately developed" status involves moving beyond income metrics to include structural stability and social progress[4][5] Structural Characteristics - A "moderately developed" economy should have a complete industrial chain and a stable governance framework, with public services accessible to the majority[5] - The quality of institutions, including policy transparency and governance effectiveness, is crucial for long-term growth[3][5] Social and Civilizational Aspects - Social inclusiveness, such as access to education and healthcare, is vital for a developed society, impacting social stability and economic potential[3][5] - The balance between material and spiritual civilization is essential, with cultural and educational advancements contributing to societal cohesion[8][9] Environmental and Global Considerations - Sustainable development and ecological civilization are strategic priorities, with a focus on green transformation and low-carbon growth[9] - Peaceful development is emphasized as a principle for both internal stability and external relations, aiming for a cooperative global environment[10]