越南篇：企业出海合规要点与案例指南

Economic Overview - Vietnam's GDP growth averaged 7.2% from 1988 to 1999, significantly higher than the emerging market average of 3.7%[5] - From 2000 to 2024, Vietnam's GDP growth averaged 6.4%, surpassing the emerging market average of 5.2% and the global average of 3.5%[5] - In 2024, Vietnam's GDP reached approximately $460 billion, marking a 50-fold increase since 1990[8] Foreign Investment and Trade - Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) accounted for 14.3% of fixed asset formation in Vietnam as of 2023, well above the global average of 5.1%[14] - Vietnam's trade surplus reached $24.2 billion in 2024, with trade accounting for 170.9% of GDP, significantly higher than the global average of 57%[18] - Vietnam's exports to the U.S. constituted 29.5% of its total exports by 2024, while imports from China made up 37.8% of total imports[22] Industry Focus for Chinese Enterprises - Chinese enterprises in Vietnam primarily focus on industrial (28.0%), consumer (28.0%), and information technology (25.6%) sectors, collectively accounting for over 81% of their presence[28] - In the industrial sector, over 40% of Chinese investments are in electrical equipment, while the consumer sector sees over 50% in automotive and parts[30] Compliance Considerations - Vietnam has 25 prohibited industries and 59 industries with market entry restrictions for foreign investors as per the new Investment Law[42] - Foreign companies can lease land for up to 50 years, extendable to 70 years under certain conditions[47] - Foreign workers must obtain a labor permit to work in Vietnam, with specific exemptions for company owners and board members[48]