省间电力现货市场实践与探索

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content provided Group 2: Core Viewpoints of the Report - The State Grid Corporation, in collaboration with market entities, has established a provincial - level power spot market, achieving coordinated operation of provincial and provincial - level spot markets, laying a solid foundation for the construction of a unified national power market [2] Group 3: Summary of Market Mechanism Design Market Construction Foundation - China's large - scale interconnected power grid with a cross - provincial and cross - regional transmission capacity of 350 million kilowatts provides a solid material basis for the construction of provincial - level spot transactions [7] Market Construction Orientation - Implement the national energy strategy, build a competitive power market system, and use cross - provincial and cross - regional transmission channels to achieve power surplus and shortage mutual assistance, promote large - scale clean energy consumption, and optimize resource allocation [10] Market Construction Ideas - On the basis of long - term cross - provincial and cross - regional transactions, conduct pre - balance between sending and receiving ends. When there is surplus capacity at the sending end, remaining channel space, and power purchase demand at the receiving end, organize market entities to bid and quote prices, and conduct centralized bidding in the day - ahead and intra - day markets to achieve power surplus and shortage mutual assistance and large - scale clean energy consumption [14] Market Constituent Elements - Market participants include all types of power generation entities, receiving - end provincial power grid enterprises, large users, and power sales companies. The market scope covers the areas served by the State Grid and Inner Mongolia Power Company. The trading cycle includes day - ahead and intra - day trading [20] Trading Network Model - Build a provincial - level spot trading network model with provincial power grids as the main nodes, which reflects the physical characteristics of provincial - level transactions. Use a path - finding algorithm to search for trading paths [22] Market Bidding Mechanism - Adopt centralized bidding considering channel security constraints, network losses, and transmission prices. Sort and match according to the decreasing price difference between buyers and sellers, and price according to the marginal clearing price on the power - selling side [25] Multi - level Market Coordination - For the connection between provincial and intra - provincial markets, use intra - provincial pre - clearing results as the basis for participating in provincial markets, and provincial trading results as the boundary for intra - provincial market operations. For the connection between long - term and spot markets, conduct provincial - level spot trading using the surplus capacity of provincial - level channels while ensuring the implementation of long - term provincial - level transactions [29] Group 4: Summary of Market Operation Situation Overall Overview - The provincial - level spot market covers the "company + western Inner Mongolia" area. In 2024, the total trading volume was 37.6 billion kilowatt - hours, a year - on - year increase of 18%. The trading volume of clean energy was 14.9 billion kilowatt - hours, accounting for 40%. The average selling - end transaction price was 0.4124 yuan/kilowatt - hour, a year - on - year increase of 14.7% [35] Transaction Volume Analysis - In terms of monthly distribution, the daily average transaction volume fluctuates around 100 million kilowatt - hours, being higher in summer and autumn. In terms of provincial distribution, Hubei, Sichuan, Ningxia, Shanxi, and Gansu had sales of over 2 billion kilowatt - hours, accounting for 59.4%. Buyers are mainly concentrated in East and Southwest China. In terms of regional distribution, the cross - regional transaction volume in 2024 was 33.7 billion kilowatt - hours, accounting for 90% [40][43][48] Transaction Price Analysis - The average transaction price in 2024 was 0.412 yuan/kilowatt - hour, with a maximum of 2.196 yuan/kilowatt - hour and a minimum of 0.00002 yuan/kilowatt - hour. The intra - day "peak - valley" price difference is obvious, showing a "high in autumn, low in spring" pattern [51][54] Analysis by Energy Type - New energy transactions are concentrated in spring, thermal power in summer and winter, and hydropower from June to July. In 2024, thermal power transactions were 22.7 billion kilowatt - hours, a year - on - year increase of 23.12%; hydropower transactions were 5.17 billion kilowatt - hours, a year - on - year decrease of 3.01%; new energy transactions were 9.77 billion kilowatt - hours, a year - on - year increase of 19.27% [58] Analysis of Market Participant Behavior - 98.2% of sellers' declared volume is below 0.5 yuan/kilowatt - hour, and nearly 90% of buyers' declared volume is below 1.0 yuan/kilowatt - hour. Some regions can flexibly change their roles as power buyers or sellers, reducing unit starts and stops and correcting long - term transaction deviations [63][68] Analysis of Unsuccessful Transaction Causes - The surplus power resources in the market have increased by nearly 40% compared to the previous year. The main reasons for unsuccessful transactions are the mismatch between power generation and consumption, especially the overlapping of photovoltaic power generation at noon, and the limited cross - provincial and cross - regional transmission capacity [71] Group 5: Summary of Market Practice Achievements - A multi - level unified power market system has been initially established, and the provincial - level power spot market has officially started operation [76] - The power production organization has achieved a market - oriented transformation, and the operation level of the power system has been significantly improved [81] - A "flexible up - and - down" market price mechanism has been formed, guiding market participants to participate in grid operation regulation and alleviating system operation pressure [84] - The overall power supply guarantee capacity has been effectively improved, and the provincial - level spot market has played a role in balancing power supply and demand during peak periods [87] - A spot consumption mechanism suitable for new energy has been established, reducing the abandonment of wind, solar, and hydropower [90] Group 6: Summary of Market Exploration Outlook - Under the guidance of government departments, improve and enrich the functions of the provincial - level spot market, including expanding the market scope, increasing trading flexibility, and enhancing market optimization effects [96]