2024构网型技术研究与应用报告

Industry Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an industry investment rating [1][10][41][47] Core Views - The rapid development of new energy systems has led to challenges such as reduced system inertia and increased instability, necessitating advanced solutions like grid-forming technologies [2][4] - Grid-forming technologies, including energy storage and SVG, are crucial for providing voltage and frequency support, enhancing grid stability, and enabling high penetration of renewable energy [4][42][43] - The future power system will likely be a hybrid of grid-forming and grid-following technologies, with grid-forming playing a key role in weak grid conditions and grid-following maintaining advantages in strong grid scenarios [49] Technical Background - The widespread adoption of power electronics in new energy systems has reduced system inertia and increased instability, requiring solutions like grid-forming technologies to provide voltage and frequency support [2][4] - Two main solutions are being applied: adding motor-based regulation equipment and using grid-forming power electronics devices [4] - China has been actively promoting grid-forming technologies through various policies and standards, with significant developments in energy storage and renewable energy integration [6] Grid-Forming Technology Development - Grid-forming technology has evolved from load-frequency control in 1986 to hybrid synchronization control in 2020, with key milestones including virtual synchronous generators and power synchronization control [13][14] - Grid-forming devices offer advantages such as inertia support, transient voltage support, and adaptability to weak grids, making them suitable for modern power systems with high renewable energy penetration [16] Key Challenges and Solutions - Current challenges include high-frequency oscillation suppression, fault ride-through, and grid strength identification, with solutions like impedance reshaping and hybrid control methods being developed [20][21][23][24][35] - Grid-forming devices must adapt to varying grid strengths, with solutions like grid-forming/grid-following switchable devices being proposed to enhance system stability and control precision [35][37][39] Applications of Grid-Forming Technologies - Grid-forming energy storage systems provide frequency regulation and voltage support, expanding the stability boundaries of high-renewable energy systems [42] - Grid-forming SVG devices enhance grid strength and stability, offering solutions for improving the integration and operation of renewable energy plants [43] - These technologies are capable of black start, inertial response, and rapid power support, making them essential for modern power grids [44][45] Future Outlook - The rapid growth of renewable energy presents both opportunities and challenges for power electronics, with grid-forming technologies expected to play a critical role in future power systems [49] - While grid-forming technologies offer advantages in weak grid conditions, grid-following technologies remain important for strong grid scenarios, indicating a future hybrid system [49] - Further research and development are needed to address challenges in theoretical analysis, engineering applications, and large-scale deployment of grid-forming technologies [49]