欧7：欧盟轻型车和重型车最新排放标准

Industry Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an industry investment rating [1] Core Views - The Euro 7 standards aim to regulate pollution emissions from vehicles sold within the EU, covering vehicles, braking systems, and tires [2] - The Euro 7 standards unify regulations for passenger cars, trucks, and trailers under a single framework, with different requirements for light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles [3][4] - Implementation timelines for Euro 7 standards vary, with light-duty vehicles requiring compliance within 2.5 years of the standard's effective date, and heavy-duty vehicles within 5 years [5][6] Emission Standards - Light-duty vehicle emission limits under Euro 7 remain the same as Euro 6, but with stricter particulate matter (PM) and particle number (PN) thresholds, reducing the PN threshold to 10 nm [7][8] - Heavy-duty vehicle emission limits under Euro 7 are stricter than Euro VI, with a 50% reduction in NOx emissions under WHSC conditions and a 56% reduction under WHTC conditions [9][10] - Euro 7 introduces new limits for ammonia (NH₃) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions for heavy-duty vehicles [10] Non-Exhaust Emissions - Euro 7 introduces limits for brake and tire wear particulate emissions, with stricter limits for electric vehicles compared to other powertrains [13][14] - Tire wear emission limits will be phased in starting with C1 tires in July 2028, followed by C2 tires in April 2030, and C3 tires in April 2032 [15] Durability Requirements - Euro 7 extends vehicle durability requirements, introducing an "additional useful life period" with a durability factor of 1.2 for M1, M2, and N1 vehicles, allowing emissions to exceed limits by 20% during this period [16] - Battery durability requirements for M1 and N1 electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles mandate that battery energy retention must remain above 80% for 5 years or 100,000 km, and above 72% for 8 years or 160,000 km [18][19] Monitoring and Compliance - Euro 7 mandates the use of On-Board Fuel and Energy Consumption Monitoring (OBFCM) for all vehicle types, including electric vehicles, with data accessible via the vehicle's infotainment system [20] - On-Board Monitoring (OBM) systems are required for all Euro 7 vehicles to monitor NOx and PM emissions, with heavy-duty vehicles also required to monitor NH₃ emissions [21] Vehicle Environmental Performance - All Euro 7 vehicles will be equipped with an Environmental Vehicle Passport (EVP), providing electronic information on emissions, CO₂ levels, fuel/energy consumption, electric range, battery durability, and vehicle parameters [23] Implementation and Future Outlook - Euro 7 standards are expected to take effect 20 days after publication in the EU Official Journal, with implementation acts to be developed by the European Commission to specify testing methods, warning mechanisms, and administrative requirements [24]