全球金融欺诈趋势评估报告

Industry Investment Rating - Financial fraud is a pervasive global threat, with increasing volume and diversification of fraud methods [5] - Investment fraud and Business Email Compromise (BEC) remain the dominant modi operandi globally [47] Core Findings - Financial fraud has significantly increased and diversified, with a focus on investment fraud, advance-payment fraud, romance fraud, and BEC [5] - Fraud operations are increasingly transnational and dependent on information and communication technologies [5] - Emerging technologies like AI and deepfakes are being used to deceive victims and conceal identities [5] - The use of "scam centres" and human trafficking for forced criminality is on the rise, particularly in Southeast Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, and Latin America [5] - The "pig-butchering" fraud scheme, combining romance fraud and investment fraud using cryptocurrencies, is escalating [5] Offence Methods for Financial Fraud - Impersonation fraud involves offenders posing as trusted entities to deceive victims [11] - Business Email Compromise (BEC) targets businesses by compromising email accounts and impersonating executives [11] - Investment fraud deceives victims into investing in fake or misleading ventures, often using high-return promises and urgency tactics [12] - Romance fraud manipulates victims through fake relationships on social media and dating apps [13] - Advance-payment fraud involves fraudulent transactions for non-existent or sub-standard products or services [13] - Identity fraud involves unauthorized acquisition and use of personal information for financial gain [14] INTERPOL Data and Trends in Financial Fraud - Financial fraud is one of the highest threat concerns among INTERPOL members, with 85% of Red Notices and Diffusions related to fraud [16] - In 2023, INTERPOL supported over 700 financial fraud cases involving approximately USD 1.2 billion [17] - BEC and investment fraud are the most prevalent types of financial fraud globally [17] - Regional trends show impersonation fraud, romance fraud, and phishing are most frequent in Asia, while advance-payment fraud is most concerning in Africa [18][19] Emerging Trends in Financial Fraud - Technology, including AI, large language models, and cryptocurrencies, is a key enabler for financial fraud [20] - Deepfakes and AI-generated content are increasingly used to deceive victims [20] - Crime-as-a-service models, such as phishing-as-a-service, lower the barrier for cybercriminals [20] - Human trafficking for forced online fraud is a growing trend, particularly in Southeast Asia [21][22] - Hybrid methods like "pig-butchering" fraud, combining romance and crypto-investment fraud, are expanding globally [25][26] Regional Trends in Financial Fraud - In Africa, BEC, phishing, and online fraud are growing concerns due to rapid digitalization [28] - In the Americas, online financial frauds, particularly targeting North America, have escalated [30] - In Asia, financial fraud is a fast-evolving threat, with pig-butchering fraud schemes expanding [33] - In Europe, online investment frauds and BEC are the most prolific, causing significant financial losses [34][35] Organized Financial Fraud - Organized crime groups are major threat actors in financial fraud, leveraging technology and transnational networks [39] - These groups often collaborate with other criminal activities, such as human trafficking and money laundering [39] - Crime groups use sophisticated methods, including fake websites, social media profiles, and phishing emails, to perpetrate fraud [43] - West African organized crime syndicates operate in hierarchical structures, while other groups use decentralized models [44][45] Conclusions - Financial fraud is expected to grow with technological advancements and the expansion of virtual services [47] - Hybrid techniques combining romance fraud with investment schemes are emerging [47] - Crime service providers, such as cybercrimes-as-a-service and money-laundering-as-a-service, are key enablers of large-scale financial fraud [47]