半导体行业观察·2025-03-07 01:23Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the impending termination of the CHIPS Act, which was initially designed to revitalize the U.S. semiconductor industry through significant subsidies and investments, but is now facing criticism and operational challenges, particularly from former President Trump [1][21]. Background of the CHIPS Act - The CHIPS Act was born out of a semiconductor shortage during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the vulnerabilities in the global semiconductor supply chain, especially the U.S.'s reliance on Asian manufacturers [2][3]. - It combined previous legislative efforts aimed at boosting U.S. high-tech research and semiconductor manufacturing, including the Endless Frontier Act and the CHIPS for America Act [3][4]. Investment and Economic Impact - The CHIPS Act has led to a total investment of $272 billion across 37 projects, expected to create approximately 36,300 direct jobs [5][6]. - Major semiconductor companies, including TSMC, Intel, and Samsung, have announced substantial investments in U.S. manufacturing facilities, with TSMC alone committing $400 billion for multiple plants in Arizona [6][7][8]. Challenges and Setbacks - The construction of TSMC's Arizona plant has faced significant delays and cultural clashes, leading to a postponement of mass production from 2024 to 2025 [14][15]. - Intel has reported substantial financial losses, leading to delays in its new manufacturing facilities and raising concerns about the effectiveness of the CHIPS Act [16]. Legislative and Policy Critique - Critics argue that the CHIPS Act has not delivered the expected results, with only 43% of the allocated funds disbursed and job creation falling short of projections [21]. - The act's reliance on government subsidies has been questioned, with some industry leaders advocating for a more stable market environment rather than fluctuating government support [21][22]. Future Directions - Trump has proposed converting the CHIPS Act's subsidies into tariff funds to encourage domestic semiconductor manufacturing without relying on government handouts [22]. - The article concludes that the dream of revitalizing U.S. semiconductor manufacturing may remain elusive, as the industry grapples with both internal and external challenges [23].