一文看懂，什么是Serdes

Group 1 - SerDes is a mainstream serial communication technology that converts multiple low-speed parallel signals into high-speed serial signals, significantly reducing communication costs and enhancing signal speed [2][5] - The advantages of SerDes include fewer I/O pins, smaller packaging, reduced electromagnetic interference, and lower costs, while its disadvantages involve higher design complexity and the need for higher performance materials [2][5] - Key technologies that enable higher speed and bandwidth in SerDes include multiplexing, differential signaling, clock data recovery (CDR), and link equalization [3][19] Group 2 - The concept of "symbol" is crucial in understanding SerDes transmission, where a symbol can carry multiple bits of data, thus increasing transmission speed [13][14] - Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) and Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) are two signal transmission methods, with PAM allowing for higher data rates by carrying more bits per symbol [14][17] - CDR technology is essential for recovering clock signals in SerDes, allowing for higher bandwidth without the need for separate clock signal lines, thus reducing design complexity and costs [19][23] Group 3 - Jitter is defined as the deviation of a digital signal from its ideal position, caused by noise, non-ideal circuits, and channels, and can be categorized into random jitter and deterministic jitter [28][29] - The distinction between jitter and noise is important, as jitter refers to time domain variations while noise refers to amplitude variations, both affecting signal integrity [30][31] - The challenges faced by SerDes include electromagnetic interference, attenuation, and insertion loss, which are generally proportional to signal frequency [29]