迷你晶圆厂时代，即将到来？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the emergence of mini semiconductor factories that can be built at a fraction of the cost and time of traditional semiconductor manufacturing facilities, highlighting the innovations from companies like Pragmatic Semiconductor and Nanotronics [2][3][4]. Group 1: Mini Semiconductor Factories - The cost to build a mini semiconductor factory is approximately $30 million, significantly lower than the typical semiconductor factory which can cost up to $20 billion [2]. - Pragmatic Semiconductor's "Fabs-in-a-Box" can start production in about 12 to 14 months, compared to the usual 3 to 5 years for traditional factories [2][3]. - Nanotronics' "Cubefabs" are modular and designed to operate in 85% of global environments, excluding high seismic risk areas [3]. Group 2: Production Capabilities - Pragmatic aims to produce billions of flexible integrated circuits annually by 2025, utilizing thin-film transistor technology combined with advanced 300mm wafer processing [4][5]. - The thickness of some layers in their production process is between 5 to 10 nanometers, integrating thousands of TFTs per square millimeter [5]. - Pragmatic is set to launch its first 300mm wafer factory in 2024, with another factory expected to be operational by mid-2025 [5]. Group 3: Expansion and Sustainability - Cubefab can connect up to four petal-shaped manufacturing facilities to a central cube, allowing for production expansion without halting operations [6]. - Each petal factory costs between $30 million and $40 million, with the potential for cost reduction as more petals are added [6]. - Pragmatic's factories are designed to be highly sustainable, reducing energy and water consumption significantly, thus lowering the carbon footprint of the produced semiconductor chips [7]. Group 4: Market Opportunities - There is significant interest in localized manufacturing, especially in regions like Africa and the Global South, where traditional semiconductor manufacturing has been cost-prohibitive [7][8]. - The ability to build cost-effective factories in previously unviable locations opens new opportunities for semiconductor production in emerging markets [7].