警惕！这种传染病进入高发季：传染性强、尚无疫苗，怎么防？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the rising trend of scarlet fever cases in China, particularly in Guangdong province, highlighting the need for increased awareness and preventive measures among parents and the public [3][5][6]. Summary by Sections Scarlet Fever Incidence - In March 2025, Guangdong province reported 1,542 cases of scarlet fever, an increase of 641 cases from February, and a notable rise from 2,328 cases in January [3][5]. - The incidence of scarlet fever has been increasing in China, with data from the 2022 China Health Statistics Yearbook indicating a continuous upward trend from 2014 to 2019 [5][6]. Seasonal Trends and Demographics - Scarlet fever typically sees higher incidence rates during the winter and spring seasons, with a potential decrease as temperatures rise [4][6]. - Children and adolescents, particularly those aged 3 to 15, are the most affected demographic, with experts suggesting that previous strict pandemic measures may have led to a decline in immunity among this group [6][7]. Clinical Features and Diagnosis - Common symptoms of scarlet fever include fever, pharyngitis, rash, and changes in tongue appearance, with fever often reaching around 39°C [7][10]. - Early symptoms can be misdiagnosed as common colds or other illnesses, emphasizing the importance of careful observation by parents [9][10]. Prevention and Treatment - Currently, there is no vaccine for scarlet fever, and prevention relies on early identification, isolation, and basic hygiene measures [10][11]. - Treatment primarily involves antibiotics such as penicillin and amoxicillin, with a low rate of antibiotic resistance reported [11]. Public Health Recommendations - The Guangzhou Disease Control Center has issued health alerts urging parents to be vigilant during the high incidence season and to implement preventive measures such as hand hygiene and proper ventilation [5][10].