半导体行业观察·2025-06-16 01:56Core Viewpoint - The semiconductor industry is increasingly viewed as a critical aspect of national security by various governments, highlighting the global dependence on semiconductors and the vulnerabilities within the complex supply chain [2][3]. Group 1: Semiconductor Supply Chain and Geopolitical Context - The semiconductor supply chain is intricate, involving advanced software, silicon wafers, and complex manufacturing processes, with significant R&D investments [1] - The geopolitical landscape has intensified competition, particularly regarding Taiwan's TSMC, which produces 70% to 90% of the world's advanced transistors [2] - The U.S. has implemented export controls targeting China, aiming to protect its semiconductor industry and maintain a competitive edge in AI development [3] Group 2: Comparative Strengths of Countries in Semiconductor Industry - No single country can fully control the advanced semiconductor supply chain; the U.S. excels in design and tools but lags in manufacturing [5] - China leads in economic resources and packaging/testing but is weaker in equipment and specialized materials [5] - Taiwan dominates in specialized materials and wafer manufacturing but relies on foreign equipment [5][6] Group 3: Investment and Future Prospects - Leading countries are investing heavily to maintain their semiconductor industry positions, with Japan, South Korea, and the EU committing substantial public funds [8] - The U.S. semiconductor advantage is challenged by export controls, impacting equipment manufacturers more than design firms [9] - Nvidia's revenue growth reflects the soaring demand for AI chips, contrasting with the slower growth of equipment manufacturers like Applied Materials [10] Group 4: Emerging Markets and Global Dynamics - India aims to become a semiconductor manufacturing hub, leveraging its market size and labor force, despite lacking key infrastructure [11] - Germany is positioning itself as a major player in the EU semiconductor market, with plans to increase domestic production [11] - Singapore is expanding its role in the semiconductor market through training programs and tax incentives, despite not being fully represented in the index [11]