中东半导体，冉冉升起

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the emerging semiconductor ecosystems in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Oman, highlighting their strategic initiatives to reduce reliance on oil and foster high-tech industries as part of their long-term economic visions [1][2]. Group 1: Egypt's Semiconductor Strategy - Egypt is developing one of the most vibrant semiconductor ecosystems in the MENA region, with efforts dating back nearly 20 years, initiated by the founding of Si-Ware Systems [4]. - The "Egypt Manufacturing Electronics" (EME) initiative, launched in 2016, has evolved into EME 2.0, focusing on positioning Egypt as a regional center for electronic and semiconductor design without the high costs of building semiconductor fabs [5]. - Egypt's strong talent pool in electronic engineering and embedded systems has attracted global companies to establish design centers, enhancing its reputation in chip design [9]. Group 2: Saudi Arabia's Ambitious Plans - Saudi Arabia aims to become a regional leader in semiconductor technology as part of its Vision 2030, with a focus on reducing oil dependency and fostering a knowledge-based economy [12]. - The Saudi Semiconductor Program (SSP) was launched in 2022 to enhance local chip design capabilities and support academic research, with an initial investment of $266 million for the National Semiconductor Center (NSH) [12][13]. - The Alat project, backed by a $100 billion budget, aims to establish Saudi Arabia as a high-tech manufacturing hub, including semiconductor production [17][18]. Group 3: Oman's Cautious Approach - Oman is entering the semiconductor industry with a focus on outsourcing semiconductor packaging and testing (OSAT) services, aiming to diversify its economy as part of its Vision 2040 [21][22]. - The establishment of a technology center by GS Microelectronics in Muscat marks a significant step in building local semiconductor capabilities, with over 100 Omani engineers receiving training [22]. - Oman is actively promoting itself as a regional hub for OSAT services, with expected investments ranging from $130 million to $140 million [23]. Group 4: Collaborative Potential - Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Oman are pursuing different strategies in the semiconductor sector, with Egypt leveraging its talent, Saudi Arabia focusing on capital and infrastructure, and Oman emphasizing partnerships and regional positioning [29]. - The complementary strengths of these countries could lead to a more robust semiconductor ecosystem in the Middle East, requiring long-term investment and collaboration [30].