Climate Change: Science, Politics and Solutions | Jagadish Shukla

Climate Change Overview - Global warming and climate change pose a major threat to global society, particularly future generations [1] - The global mean temperature has increased by 1°C (1 degree Celsius) in the last 100 years, rising from 14°C to 15°C [8][9] - By the end of the century (2100), global warming may reach 1.5°C, with land areas and polar regions warming much faster [17] - Predictions for 2200 or 2300 show potential global warming of 8°C to 10°C, depending on emission control scenarios [17] Causes and Impacts - Increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, measured in parts per million (ppm), are a primary driver of global warming [3][13] - Human activities, such as driving cars and operating factories, are responsible for the increase in CO2 emissions [4] - Serious effects of climate change include heat waves, floods, Arctic sea ice loss, and biodiversity loss, potentially leading to a sixth mass extinction [5] - The richest 10% of the global population release 27 tons of CO2 per person each year, while the bottom 90% release about 36 tons [19] International and Political Challenges - China is currently the largest polluter, but the United States was the number one polluter for the past 100 years until 2003 or 2004 [21] - International negotiations are crucial for controlling emissions, but political divisions, particularly in the United States, hinder progress [22][23] - The United States has a fluctuating commitment to the Paris Agreement, joining and withdrawing based on presidential administrations [25][26] Potential Solutions and Actions - Technical advances, policy actions, and individual actions offer hopeful signs for climate solutions [27] - Solar energy has grown by 42%, and the price of batteries has decreased significantly [27] - Reducing personal and family carbon footprints and electing climate-literate leaders are essential steps [28] - Public engagement, including protests and rallies, can make a significant difference [28][29]