日经中文网·2025-05-07 02:45Core Viewpoint - China's manufacturing policies, particularly "Made in China 2025," have significantly expanded the scale of industries such as photovoltaic power generation and high-speed rail, leading to both global market dominance and international friction due to overproduction [1][3]. Photovoltaic Power Generation - By 2024, China's installed photovoltaic capacity is projected to reach 338 GW, approximately 18 times that of 2015, accounting for nearly 60% of the global total [3]. - Chinese companies dominate the production of photovoltaic components, with over 80% market share in solar cells, wafers, polysilicon, and metal silicon [3]. - China's supply capacity for photovoltaic panels is expected to reach 1,036 GW in 2023, 1.9 times the global demand, leading to price declines and the elimination of some European companies [3]. High-Speed Rail - China's high-speed rail operating mileage is set to reach 48,000 kilometers by 2024, 2.5 times that of 2015, representing nearly 70% of the global total of approximately 59,400 kilometers [4]. - By the end of 2024, China's high-speed rail mileage will be about 15 times that of Japan's Shinkansen, solidifying its absolute lead in scale [4]. - In the fiscal year 2024, China Railway Rolling Stock Corporation (CRRC) is expected to achieve sales exceeding 3 trillion yen in its railway manufacturing division, surpassing competitors like France's Alstom [4]. Overseas Expansion Challenges - Despite the ambitious goals of "Made in China 2025" to establish a world-leading modern railway transportation industry, CRRC's overseas sales accounted for only over 10% in the fiscal year 2024, indicating ongoing challenges in international expansion [5]. New Materials - China's new materials industry accounts for approximately 30% of the global market, with leading positions in several sectors [6]. - In the market for key electric vehicle battery materials, Chinese companies have risen to dominate, with the top five positions held by them as of 2023, a significant shift from 2013 when Japanese firms led [6]. - Although China's autonomous innovation capabilities are still developing, R&D investments by leading companies are increasing, and advancements in high-performance products are expected to accelerate with the application of artificial intelligence [6].