前沿：美国分析化学会特刊综述，颠覆性理念催生小而全的微型质谱仪

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the characteristics and innovations of miniaturized mass spectrometry (MS) systems, highlighting their compactness, flexibility, and full functionality compared to traditional large-scale mass spectrometers [1][4]. Instrument Structure - Miniaturized mass spectrometry systems have reached a consensus on the choice of mass analyzers, primarily using ion traps or quadrupole mass filters. The combination of mass analyzers, interfaces, and vacuum systems is crucial for achieving sufficient sensitivity and selectivity for analysis [7][9]. - The design of atmospheric pressure interfaces (APIs) allows for the integration of miniaturized mass spectrometers with microfluidic separation systems, providing a field alternative to laboratory liquid chromatography [8][9]. Analysis Technology - The ease of deployment and operation of miniaturized mass spectrometers is essential for their feasibility in field analysis. However, their performance determines the potential application range and the true impact of miniaturization efforts [11]. - Recent advancements in analysis techniques include the use of ion mobility (IM) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) for additional confirmation of molecular structure or conformational differences [13]. Sample Processing and Ionization - Innovative ionization methods, such as ambient ionization techniques, have been developed to simplify sample processing for users like nurses or doctors. These methods include paper spray and its variants, which consume minimal solvent and are suitable for disposable kits [16][18]. - Techniques like temperature-tuned desorption ionization (TTDI) have emerged, allowing for the analysis of various sample types at optimized temperatures, enhancing the versatility of miniaturized mass spectrometers [18][19]. - Simplified sample preparation methods, such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and liquid-liquid extraction, have been developed for effective field analysis using miniaturized MS systems [20][21].