煮酒夜话，如何理解“国产替代”

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the impact of the US-China tariff war on the scientific instrument industry, emphasizing the importance of domestic substitution as a key strategy for overcoming challenges posed by high tariffs [2][3][4]. Group 1: Tariff War Impact - The US government initiated a global tariff war, raising tariffs on all Chinese imports to over 145%, prompting China to respond with a 125% tariff on US goods [4]. - A significant shift occurred on May 12, when both countries announced a reduction of tariffs to 10%, indicating a temporary easing of tensions [4]. - Experts believe that while tariffs may decrease, the scientific instrument industry must remain vigilant about its reliance on imported high-end equipment [4][5]. Group 2: Domestic Substitution Demand - The demand for domestic substitutes has surged, with a notable shift in the market where the share of domestic microwave digestion instruments increased from 10% to 80% over 20 years [5]. - The trend of domestic substitution is not just a response to tariffs but has become a necessity for ensuring the stability of supply chains and national security [6][7]. - Institutions are now required to consider domestic equipment in their procurement processes, reflecting a broader commitment to supporting local manufacturers [7]. Group 3: Challenges and Future Directions - Despite the progress in domestic substitution, concerns remain regarding the reliability and long-term stability of domestic instruments compared to imported ones [8][9]. - Experts suggest that improving the reliability of domestic instruments is crucial, as many users still perceive a gap in performance [9][10]. - The future of domestic instruments may lie in integrating automation and smart technologies, as well as focusing on specific research areas like single-cell analysis and environmental monitoring [10].