经济学泰斗、央行界的“一代宗师”，逝世

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the life and contributions of Stanley Fischer, a prominent economist who significantly influenced global economic policy through his roles in various financial institutions and academia [1][2]. Group 1: Personal Background and Career - Stanley Fischer was born in Zambia in October 1943 and held degrees from the London School of Economics and MIT, where he earned his PhD in 1969 [2]. - He served as the first deputy managing director of the IMF from 1994 to 2001, where he played a key role in managing several major financial crises, including the Mexican crisis in 1994 and the Asian financial crisis in 1997 [2][4]. - Fischer returned to Israel in 2005 to become the Governor of the Bank of Israel, where he implemented significant monetary policies during the global financial crisis [4]. Group 2: Contributions to Economic Policy - Under Fischer's leadership, the Bank of Israel was the first to lower interest rates at the onset of the 2008 global financial crisis and was also the first to raise rates as recovery began [4]. - He introduced inflation targeting and improved exchange rate management, leading to the Bank of Israel being recognized as one of the most efficient central banks globally [4]. - Fischer later served as Vice Chairman of the Federal Reserve from 2014 to 2017, where he warned against the risks of deregulating financial markets [4]. Group 3: Academic Influence - Fischer was a prolific author and educator, co-authoring influential textbooks in macroeconomics and establishing the NBER Macroeconomics Annual, which became a significant platform for macroeconomic policy research [5]. - He mentored many prominent economists, including former Federal Reserve Chair Ben Bernanke and former ECB President Mario Draghi, who credit him with shaping their careers [5][6]. - His unique teaching style included informal settings that encouraged student engagement, such as running seminars while jogging [6]. Group 4: Legacy and Recognition - Fischer's impact on global monetary policy and economic education has been widely recognized, with accolades from various leaders in the field, including former IMF Chief Economist Olivier Blanchard and former U.S. Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers [6][7]. - His passing was mourned by many in the economic community, highlighting his role as a mentor and visionary leader [7].