三亚女子疑被蛇咬伤身亡，血清短缺引关注，全国唯一生产商仅能生产4种

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the critical issue of snakebite treatment in China, emphasizing the importance of timely administration of antivenom and the challenges faced in its production and availability [1][4][11]. Group 1: Snakebite Statistics and Impact - Globally, snakebites result in 81,000 to 138,000 deaths annually, with China experiencing 250,000 to 280,000 cases each year, primarily affecting individuals over 50 years old [7][11]. - The peak incidence of snakebites in China occurs from April to October, with July to September being the highest risk months [7]. Group 2: Antivenom Production Challenges - The production of antivenom faces significant challenges, including limited types available, complex production processes, and insufficient market incentives [9][11]. - Currently, the only producer of antivenom in China, Serun Biotech, can only manufacture four types of antivenom, which limits treatment options for various snake species [9][11]. Group 3: Treatment Protocols and Guidelines - The "golden two hours" is crucial for effective snakebite treatment, with the need for antivenom administration emphasized within this timeframe [4][5]. - The National Health Commission's guidelines specify that antivenom should be used when certain symptoms are present, such as significant swelling or systemic toxicity [5][10]. Group 4: Advances in Antivenom Research - Research from the U.S. has led to the development of broad-spectrum antivenom capable of neutralizing 19 types of snake venom, offering hope for improved treatment options [2][12]. - Serun Biotech is also advancing clinical trials for antivenom and rapid testing kits to shorten treatment times [12]. Group 5: Traditional and Alternative Treatments - Traditional Chinese medicine approaches snakebite treatment by categorizing snake venoms and employing methods to clear toxins, with specific herbal remedies being commonly used [6][11]. - The efficacy of antivenom and traditional remedies differs, with antivenom specifically neutralizing venom, while traditional methods focus on symptom relief [6][11].