Cisco Systems(US:CSCO) 商业洞察·2025-06-13 08:35Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of organizational structure in companies, highlighting that it serves as a framework that allows flexibility and adaptability in business operations. It notes that while the human skeletal structure remains constant, a company's organizational structure can evolve over time to meet changing needs [1]. Organizational Functions - The structure of an organization clarifies responsibilities and accountability [2] - It defines roles and responsibilities within the organization [3] Organizational Structure and Team Composition - Establishing an organizational structure involves creating an organizational chart and defining team composition. The marketing department's structure is not fixed, as demonstrated by Cisco's case [4]. Case Study: Cisco's Organizational Changes - In May 2022, Cisco's CEO Chuck Robbins announced a sales revenue of $12.8 billion, with a year-on-year order growth of 8%, indicating the success of the company's major restructuring plan [5] - Cisco's stock price had previously dropped over 11% in August 2020 due to poor performance, prompting a restructuring plan focused on cloud security and collaboration [5] - Cisco has undergone multiple significant organizational changes since its inception, with the most recent four changes outlined as follows: - In April 1997, Cisco divided its products and solutions into three customer segments: large enterprises, small and medium-sized businesses, and service providers [6] - In August 2001, Cisco restructured its business lines to focus on specific technology areas such as access, integration, and core routing [6] - In December 2007, Cisco adopted a new organizational structure to address growth in emerging markets like China, Brazil, and India [8] - In December 2012, Cisco launched a global strategy aimed at leading the "Internet of Everything" over the next decade, which included laying off 12,000 employees to reallocate resources [8] Organizational Structure Diagram - The first systematic organizational structure diagram was created by Daniel C. McCallum in 1855 to improve efficiency in railway construction, highlighting the importance of organizational structure in operational efficiency [9]. Basic Hierarchical Organization - A basic hierarchical organization has a simple structure where each member reports to one person, functioning well in small organizations with straightforward decision-making [10]. Management Span - The management span in a hierarchical organization determines the number of employees reporting to a supervisor, affecting communication and control [11]. - A narrow management span allows for easier communication and control, but as organizations grow, efficiency may decline due to increased layers of management [11]. Classification of Organizational Structure - Organizational structures can be classified by function, geography, product or service categories, or customer segmentation [12].